Low-latitude hydroclimate changes related to paleomagnetic variations during the Holocene in coastal southern China

doi:10.1007/s11707-022-1009-y

Front. Earth Sci.

2024, Vol. 18

Issue (2) : 324-335 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-022-1009-y

Low-latitude hydroclimate changes related to paleomagnetic variations during the Holocene in coastal southern China

Tingwei ZHANG¹, Xiaoqiang YANG¹(

), Jian YIN¹, Qiong CHEN², Jianfang HU³, Lu WANG⁴, Mengshan JU⁵, Qiangqiang WANG¹

¹. School of Earth Science and Engineering/Guangdong, Provincial Key Laboratory of Geodynamics and Geohazards/Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
². Institute of Cultural Heritage, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
³. State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
⁴. College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
⁵. Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China

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Abstract

The variations in precipitation have displayed a complex pattern in different regions since the mid-to-late-Holocene. Cloud formation processes may have a significant impact on precipitation, especially during the tropical marine processes and summer monsoon which convey abundant water vapor to coastal southern China and inland areas. Here, we use two 7500 year sedimentary records from the Pearl River Delta and the closed Maar Lake, respectively, in coastal southern China to reconstruct the mid-to-late-Holocene humidity variability and explore its possible relationship with cloud cover modulated by the Earth’s magnetic fields (EMF). Our proxy records document an apparent increase in wetness in coastal southern China between 3.0 and 1.8 kyr BP. This apparent increase in humidity appears to be consistent with the lower virtual axial dipole moments and, in turn, with a lower EMF. This correlation suggests that the EMF might have been superimposed on the weakened monsoon to regulate the mid-to-late-Holocene hydroclimate in coastal southern China through the medium of galactic cosmic rays, aerosols, and cloud cover. However, further investigations are needed to verify this interaction.

Keywords hydroclimate variations Earth’s magnetic field coastal southern China the Holocene epoch

Corresponding Author(s): Xiaoqiang YANG

Online First Date: 29 February 2024 Issue Date: 19 July 2024

Cite this article:

Tingwei ZHANG,Xiaoqiang YANG,Jian YIN, et al. Low-latitude hydroclimate changes related to paleomagnetic variations during the Holocene in coastal southern China[J]. Front. Earth Sci., 2024, 18(2): 324-335.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/10.1007/s11707-022-1009-y
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/Y2024/V18/I2/324

Fig.1 (a) Geographical locations of the DA and HML sites (red circles) and the other sites mentioned in the paper (purple triangles). The Pearl River is shown (in blue line). (b) and (c) are enlarged maps of the locations of the DA and HML cores, respectively.

Fig.2 Modern climatology of the study sites. (a–b) Long-term mean monthly temperature (CMA_tmp) and precipitation (CMA_pre) distributions at the Zhanjiang meteorology station (~1.73 km from the HML core) and Xinhui meteorology station (~19.67 km from the DA core) between 1981 and 2010, respectively. (c) Long-term means monthly total precipitation (GPCC_pre) in MJJAS (May to September) during 1981?2010. The results of the air mass back trajectories analysis of the HML core (solid line) and DA core (dashed line) are also shown. (d–e) Vertical profile of zonal wind and vertical velocity at 112.5°E from 10°S to 40°N, respectively. The gray shading represents the terrain. (f–g) Spatial correlations (p < 0.01) of cloud cover (CRU_cld) with monthly precipitation (CRU_pre) and scPDSI (CRU_scPDSI) from 1901 to 2010, respectively.

Tab.1 AMS radiocarbon dates from the HML and DA cores

Fig.3 Age models and sedimentation rates for the (a) HML core and (b) DA core. The age models were computed using the Bacon software (Blaauw and Christen, 2011). Seven OSL ages (green rectangles with error bars) in (b) were not taken into account to construct the age-model of DA core. The red lines represent the fitted weighted-mean ages, and the shaded areas indicate 2-sigma uncertainties.

Fig.4 Downcores variations in environmental proxies from the DA and HML cores. (a–b) Magnetic susceptibility (κ); (c–d) I_Hm/(I_Hm + I_Gt); (e) δ¹³C; (f) δ¹³C_TOC in HML (Liu et al., 2005); (g–h) I_Hm; and (i–j) I_Gt. The gray lines in (a), (c), (e), (g), and (i) are the raw data of records in core DA, and the 3-point moving average smoothed values are displayed by the colored lines.

Fig.5 Comparison of the I_Hm/(I_Hm + I_Gt) record from the DA core and the PDSI record from Mt. Tianmu, which is located in the southern lower reaches of the Yangtze River (Liu et al., 2019).

Fig.6 Comparison of I_Hm/(I_Hm + I_Gt) records from the HML and DA cores with the Asian monsoon, summer insolation, and the virtual dipole moment records. (a) The stalagmite δ¹⁸O record from Dongge Cave (navy blue, Wang et al., 2005) and summer insolation at 22°N (red, Laskar et al., 2011). (b and c) The I_Hm/(I_Hm + I_Gt) records from the HML and DA cores in this study, respectively. (d) Predictions of the virtual dipole moment records in East Asia from global models (Korte et al., 2009; Nilsson et al., 2014; Constable et al., 2016). The blue bar indicates humid conditions during 3.0?1.8 kyr BP corresponding to lower VADMs.

Fig.7 Schematic diagram demonstrating the hydroclimate variability during low-EMF periods. With a decrease in EMF intensity, a high density of GCRs leads to an increase in condensation nuclei, which results in a wetter hydrological condition. Solar radiation, total water vapor, and evaporation are assumed to be constant in this diagram.

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