Recovery of rare and precious metals from urban mines—A review

doi:10.1007/s11783-017-0963-1

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2017, Vol. 11

Issue (5) : 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-017-0963-1

FEATURE ARTICLE

Recovery of rare and precious metals from urban mines—A review

Mengmeng Wang¹, Quanyin Tan¹, Joseph F. Chiang²(

), Jinhui Li¹(

)

¹. Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Management and Environment Safety (Tsinghua University), Ministry of Education of China, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
². Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, State University of New York College at Oneonta, Oneonta, NY 13820, USA

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Abstract

Distribution characteristics of various RPMs in urban mines are summarized.

Conventional and emerging RPM recycling technologies are reviewed systematically.

Advantages and shortcomings of various technologies are discussed and highlighted.

Urban mining is essential for continued natural resource extraction. The recovery of rare and precious metals (RPMs) from urban mines has attracted increasing attention from both academic and industrial sectors, because of the broad application and high price of RPMs, and their low content in natural ores. This study summarizes the distribution characteristics of various RPMs in urban mines, and the advantages and shortcomings of various technologies for RPM recovery from urban mines, including both conventional (pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical, and biometallurgical processing), and emerging (electrochemical, supercritical fluid, mechanochemical, and ionic liquids processing) technologies. Mechanical/physical technologies are commonly employed to separate RPMs from nonmetallic components in a pre-treatment process. A pyrometallurgical process is often used for RPM recovery, although the expensive equipment required has limited its use in small and medium-sized enterprises. Hydrometallurgical processing is effective and easy to operate, with high selectivity of target metals and high recovery efficiency of RPMs, compared to pyrometallurgy. Biometallurgy, though, has shown the most promise for leaching RPMs from urban mines, because of its low cost and environmental friendliness. Newly developed technologies—electrochemical, supercritical fluid, ionic liquid, and mechanochemical—have offered new choices and achieved some success in laboratory experiments, especially as efficient and environmentally friendly methods of recycling RPMs. With continuing advances in science and technology, more technologies will no doubt be developed in this field, and be able to contribute to the sustainability of RPM mining.

Keywords Rare and precious metals (RPMs) Distribution characteristics Recycling technology Emerging technology Supercritical fluid

Corresponding Author(s): Joseph F. Chiang,Jinhui Li

Issue Date: 10 July 2017

Cite this article:

Mengmeng Wang,Quanyin Tan,Joseph F. Chiang, et al. Recovery of rare and precious metals from urban mines—A review[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2017, 11(5): 1.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-017-0963-1
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2017/V11/I5/1

Tab.1 Classification and characteristics of RPMs

Tab.2 Some of the major applications for PMs

Tab.3 Comparative contents of some RMs in traditional ore mining and urban mining, and their application areas [14–17]

Fig.1 Products containing RPMs and resources included in urban mines

Tab.4 Various types of e-waste and their RPMs content [26–29]

Fig.2 Flowchart of traditional process of recovering RPMs from e-waste and spent catalysts

Fig.3 Supercritical fluid technology for RPM recovery [82,84]: (a) the schematic diagram of Sc-CO2 extraction apparatus, (b) the co-treatment process of LIB and PVC

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[1]	Xiaoliang LI, Xiaomin CHEN, Xia LIU, Lianchuan ZHOU, Xinqiang YANG. Characterization of soil low-molecular-weight organic acids in the Karst rocky desertification region of Guizhou Province, China[J]. Front Envir Sci Eng, 2012, 6(2): 195-203.

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