Mechanisms for simultaneous ozonation of sulfamethoxazole and natural organic matters in secondary effluent from sewage treatment plant

doi:10.1007/s11783-020-1368-0

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2021, Vol. 15

Issue (4) : 75 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-020-1368-0

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Mechanisms for simultaneous ozonation of sulfamethoxazole and natural organic matters in secondary effluent from sewage treatment plant

Xinshu Liu, Xiaoman Su, Sijie Tian, Yue Li, Rongfang Yuan(

)

Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

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Abstract

• SMX was mainly degraded by hydrolysis, isoxazole oxidation and double-bond addition.

• Isoxazole oxidation and bond addition products were formed by direct ozonation.

• Hydroxylated products were produced by indirect oxidation.

• NOM mainly affected the degradation of SMX by consuming ^•OH rather than O₃.

• Inhibitory effect of NOM on SMX removal was related to the components’ aromaticity.

Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is commonly detected in wastewater and cannot be completely decomposed during conventional treatment processes. Ozone (O₃) is often used in water treatment. This study explored the influence of natural organic matters (NOM) in secondary effluent of a sewage treatment plant on the ozonation pathways of SMX. The changes in NOM components during ozonation were also analyzed. SMX was primarily degraded by hydrolysis, isoxazole-ring opening, and double-bond addition, whereas hydroxylation was not the principal route given the low maximum abundances of the hydroxylated products, with m/z of 269 and 287. The hydroxylation process occurred mainly through indirect oxidation because the maximum abundances of the products reduced by about 70% after the radical quencher was added, whereas isoxazole-ring opening and double-bond addition processes mainly depended on direct oxidation, which was unaffected by the quencher. NOM mainly affected the degradation of micropollutants by consuming ^•OH rather than O₃ molecules, resulting in the 63%–85% decrease in indirect oxidation products. The NOM in the effluent were also degraded simultaneously during ozonation, and the components with larger aromaticity were more likely degraded through direct oxidation. The dependences of the three main components of NOM in the effluent on indirect oxidation followed the sequence: humic-like substances>fluvic-like substances>protein-like substances. This study reveals the ozonation mechanism of SMX in secondary effluent and provides a theoretical basis for the control of SMX and its degradation products in actual water treatment.

Keywords Sulfamethoxazole Ozonation Natural organic matters Secondary effluent Degradation mechanism

Corresponding Author(s): Rongfang Yuan

Issue Date: 24 November 2020

Cite this article:

Xinshu Liu,Xiaoman Su,Sijie Tian, et al. Mechanisms for simultaneous ozonation of sulfamethoxazole and natural organic matters in secondary effluent from sewage treatment plant[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(4): 75.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-020-1368-0
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2021/V15/I4/75

Fig.1 Influence of O₃ dosage on SMX removal rate: (a) 200 µg/L SMX; (b) 10 mg/L SMX (initial pH: 6.0; 0°C; “BuOH” means the addition of 150 mmol/L t-BuOH; “NOM” means the employment of the secondary effluent concentration with COD of 19 mg/L).

Fig.2 Ozonation pathways of SMX (initial SMX concentration: 10 mg/L; initial pH: 6.0; 20°C–22°C).

Fig.3 Evolution of intermediates from the ozonation of SMX: (a) SMX; (b) P269; (c) P287; (d) P173; (e) P98; (f) P78; (g) P148; (h) P152; (i) P164; (j) P166; (k) P180 (initial SMX concentration: 10 mg/L, initial pH: 6.0; 20°C–22°C; “BuOH” means the addition of 150 mmol/L t-BuOH; “NOM” means the employment of the secondary effluent concentration with COD of 37 mg/L).

Fig.4 3DEEMFS maps of NOM in secondary effluent during ozonation: (a) 0, (b) 2, (c) 5, and (d) 10 min (initial SMX concentration: 200 µg/L; initial pH: 6.0; COD: 37 mg/L; 20°C–22°C).

Fig.5 Changes in the standard integral volume of NOM in secondary effluent during ozonation: (a) in the presence of 200 µg/L SMX; (b) in the presence of 200 µg/L SMX and 150 mmol/L t-BuOH; (c) in the absence of 200 µg/L SMX; (d) in the presence 150 mmol/L t-BuOH (initial pH: 6.0, COD: 37 mg/L; 20°C–22°C).

Fig.6 Changes in the fluorescence intensity of the main components in secondary effluent during ozonation: (a) in the presence of 200 µg/L SMX; (b) in the presence of 200 µg/L SMX and 150 mmol/L t-BuOH; (c) in the absence of 200 µg/L SMX; (d) in the presence 150 mmol/L t-BuOH (initial pH: 6.0; COD: 37 mg/L; 20°C–22°C).

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