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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering

ISSN 2095-2201

ISSN 2095-221X(Online)

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Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.    2021, Vol. 15 Issue (6) : 129    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-021-1417-3
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Visible-light-driven heterostructured g-C3N4/Bi-TiO2 floating photocatalyst with enhanced charge carrier separation for photocatalytic inactivation of Microcystis aeruginosa
Jingke Song1, Chenyang Li1, Xuejiang Wang2(), Songsong Zhi1, Xin Wang3, Jianhui Sun1
1. School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
2. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
3. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Efficient Green Energy and Environment Protection Materials, School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Abstract

• Bi doping in TiO2 enhanced the separation of photo-generated electron-hole.

• The performance of photocatalytic degradation of MC-LR was improved.

• Coexisting substances have no influence on algal removal performance.

• The key reactive oxygen species were h+ and •OH in the photocatalytic process.

The increase in occurrence and severity of cyanobacteria blooms is causing increasing concern; moreover, human and animal health is affected by the toxic effects of Microcystin-LR released into the water. In this paper, a floating photocatalyst for the photocatalytic inactivation of the harmful algae Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) was prepared using a simple sol-gel method, i.e., coating g-C3N4 coupled with Bi-doped TiO2 on Al2O3-modified expanded perlite (CBTA for short). The impact of different molar ratios of Bi/Ti on CBTA was considered. The results indicated that Bi doping in TiO2 inhibited photogenerated electron-hole pair recombination. With 6 h of visible light illumination, 75.9% of M. aeruginosa (initial concentration= 2.7 × 106 cells/L) and 83.7% of Microcystin-LR (initial concentration= 100 μg/L) could be removed with the addition of 2 g/L CBTA-1% (i.e., Bi/Ti molar ratio= 1%). The key reactive oxygen species (ROSs) in the photocatalytic inactivation process are h+ and •OH. The induction of the Bi4+/Bi3+ species by the incorporation of Bi could narrow the bandgap of TiO2, trap electrons, and enhance the stability of CBTA-1% in the solutions with coexisting environmental substances.
Keywords Bi doping      Visible light      Algal removal      Charge carrier separation     
Corresponding Author(s): Xuejiang Wang   
Issue Date: 17 March 2021
 Cite this article:   
Jingke Song,Chenyang Li,Xuejiang Wang, et al. Visible-light-driven heterostructured g-C3N4/Bi-TiO2 floating photocatalyst with enhanced charge carrier separation for photocatalytic inactivation of Microcystis aeruginosa[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(6): 129.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-021-1417-3
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2021/V15/I6/129
Fig.1  (a) XRD patterns of g-C3N4, CBTA-x (x = 0.5%, 1%, 2% or 3%) and CTA, and (b) N2 sorption isotherms of CTA and CBTA-x (x = 0.5%, 1%, 2% or 3%).
Fig.2  FESEM image of CBTA-1% (a) and its C, N, Bi and Ti element mapping images are shown in (b), (c), (d) and (e) respectively; (f) EDS spectra of CBTA-1%.
Fig.3  High-resolution XPS spectra of CBTA-1% for (a) C 1s, (b) N 1s, (c) Bi 4f and (d) Ti 2p. In Figs. 3(a)–3(d), PC indicates the principle component after deconvolution.
Fig.4  (a) Comparison of the photocatalytic inactivation of M. aeruginosa using CTA and CBTA-x (x = 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 3%); (b) Photocatalytic degradation of MC-LR with CTA and CBTA-1% (initial concentration= 100 μg/L). The dark adsorption stage is from –0.5 to 0 h. Lines serve to guide the eye.
Fig.5  Scheme 1 A schematic illustration of the photocatalytic process on the surface of the g-C3N4/Bi-TiO2 heterojunction photocatalyst with visible-light irradiation.
Fig.6  Optical and corresponding fluorescence images of live/dead-stained M. aeruginosa: (a) and (b) for initial algal cells, (c) and (d) for 6 h after photocatalytic inactivation treatment; algal cells were examined for viability using annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) staining: (e) initial algal cells and (f) after photocatalytic inactivation for 6 h.
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