Identify the contribution of vehicle non-exhaust emissions: a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer test case at typical road environment

doi:10.1007/s11783-023-1662-8

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2023, Vol. 17

Issue (5) : 62 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-023-1662-8

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Identify the contribution of vehicle non-exhaust emissions: a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer test case at typical road environment

Qijun Zhang¹, Jiayuan Liu¹, Ning Wei¹, Congbo Song², Jianfei Peng¹, Lin Wu¹(

), Hongjun Mao¹(

)

¹. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
². School of Geography Earth and Environment Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK

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Abstract

● A single particle observation was conducted in a high traffic flow road environment.

● Major particle types were vehicle exhausts, coal burning, and biomass burning.

● Contribution of non-exhaust emissions was calculated via PMF.

● Proportion of non-exhaust emissions can reach 10.1 % at road environment.

A single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS) was used to accurately quantify the contribution of vehicle non-exhaust emissions to particulate matter at typical road environment. The PM_2.5, black carbon, meteorological parameters and traffic flow were recorded during the test period. The daily trend for traffic flow and speed on TEDA Street showed obvious “M” and “W” characteristics. 6.3 million particles were captured via the SPAMS, including 1.3 million particles with positive and negative spectral map information. Heavy Metal, High molecular Organic Carbon, Organic Carbon, Mixed Carbon, Elemental Carbon, Rich Potassium, Levo-rotation Glucose, Rich Na, SiO₃ and other categories were analyzed. The particle number concentration measured by SPAMS showed a good linear correlation with the mass concentrations of PM_2.5 and BC, which indicates that the particulate matter captured by the SPAMS reflects the pollution level of fine particulate matter. EC, ECOC, OC, HM and crustal dust components were found to show high values from 7:00–9:00 AM, showing that these chemical components are directly or indirectly related to vehicle emissions. Based on the PMF model, 7 major factors are resolved. The relative contributions of each factor were determined: vehicle exhaust emission (44.8 %), coal-fired source (14.5 %), biomass combustion (12.2 %), crustal dust (9.4 %), ship emission (9.0 %), tires wear (6.6 %) and brake pads wear (3.5 %). The results show that the contribution of vehicle non-exhaust to particulate matter at roadside environment is approximately 10.1 %. Vehicle non-exhaust emissions are the focus of future research in the vehicle pollutant emission control field.

Keywords Non-exhaust emissions SPAMS PMF Roadside environment

Corresponding Author(s): Lin Wu,Hongjun Mao

Issue Date: 22 December 2022

Cite this article:

Qijun Zhang,Jiayuan Liu,Ning Wei, et al. Identify the contribution of vehicle non-exhaust emissions: a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer test case at typical road environment[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2023, 17(5): 62.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-023-1662-8
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2023/V17/I5/62

Fig.1 Vehicle fleet composition during the test.

Fig.2 SPAMS component map, meteorological parameters, and traffic flow distribution characteristics during the test period.

Fig.3 Correlation between the hourly concentration of SPAMS and the hourly level of PM_2.5 and BC.

Fig.4 Average diurnal variation in different chemical components measured by SPAMS.

Fig.5 Diurnal variation characteristics of traffic flow, speed, Cu, Fe, Sb, Zn, Pb, V, Ni, sulphate ions, nitrate ions, phosphate ions, chloride ions and sulphur-containing aromatic hydrocarbons on working days and non-working days.

Fig.6 Source profile of each factor obtained by PMF.

Fig.7 Contribution ratio of each factor via PMF model.

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