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Accommodation and Conflict: The Incorporation of Miao Territory and Construction of Cultural Difference during the High Qing Era1
Guo Wu
Front. Hist. China. 2012, 7 (2): 240-260.
https://doi.org/10.3868/s020-001-012-0013-2
Past studies of southwest Guizhou during the Qing dynasty tend to focus on the policy of “abolishment of the native chieftainships and extension of direct bureaucratic control” (gaitu guiliu) pursued under the Yongzheng emperor, and also to emphasize the correlation between state expansion and Miao revolts as a political process of institution building. Based on personal memoirs and ethnographic accounts of the Qing dynasty, this study focuses on the Qing incorporation of Miao territory (Miaojiang) in southeast Guizhou, where there were not even native chieftainships but only unorganized, or “raw,” Miao indigenes; it also examines the incorporation as an interactive process of cultural understanding and construction among the Yongzheng emperor, Governor-General Ortai, a group of local officials, represented by Zhang Guangsi and Fang Xian, and local Miao people, who had already interacted with Han migrants and started to seek the protection of the central government. The paper calls attention to the contribution of lower level Qing officials made in the decision-making process, the formation of knowledge by the Chinese about the long-ignored Miao territory, and the significance of mutual understanding of cultures. It argues that the tragic confrontation between the Miao people and the Qing state building was not necessarily inevitable, but contingent on the officials’ perception of the minority people’s culture and the handling of the relationship between the state and local indigenes.
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The Construction of Gender in Modern Chinese Law: Discrepant Gender Meanings in the Republican Civil Code
Margaret Kuo
Front. Hist. China. 2012, 7 (2): 282-309.
https://doi.org/10.3868/s020-001-012-0015-6
This article examines the intersection of law, gender, and modernity during the transitional Republican era (1912–49). It approaches the topic through a critical reading of the Republican Civil Code of 1929–30, and related commentary on the code by Chinese legal experts. By analyzing the gender assumptions embodied in several newly emergent categories of legal regulation, including legal personhood, minimum marriage age, consent, domicile, surnames, marital property, and child custody, the article’s line of questioning reveals how gender meanings helped to shape modern concepts like universality, equality, and freedom. The findings illustrate the ways in which Republican civil law broke with late imperial legal and gender norms tied to Confucian patrilineal ideology and in addition established new legal and gender meanings that helped to consolidate Chinese politics on a republican basis and to reconfigure modern gender difference on a conjugal basis.
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Bays, Daniel H., A New History of Christianity in China;Esherick, Joseph W., Ancestral Leaves: A Family Journey through Chinese History;Leung, Angela Ki Che and Charlotte Furth eds., Health and Hygiene in Chinese East Asia: Politics and Publics in the Long Twentieth Century.Rudolph, Jennifer, Negotiated Power in Late Imperial China: The Zongli Yamen and the Politics of Reform;Shao, Dan, Remote Homeland, Recovered Borderland: Manchus, Manchoukuo, and Manchuria, 1907–1985;Yao Chongxin 姚崇新, Bashu fojiao shiku zaoxiang chubu yanjiu: yi Chuanbei diqu wei zhongxin 巴蜀佛教石窟造像初步研究:以川北地区为中心 (A preliminary study of Buddhist caves and images from Bashu: Centered on north Sichuan)
Zhange Ni, Ke Ren, Yaqin Li, Emily Mokros, Michael Tsin, Tianshu Zhu
Front. Hist. China. 2012, 7 (2): 310-326.
https://doi.org/10.3868/s020-001-012-0016-3
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7 articles
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