|
|
|
Histone variants: making structurally and functionally divergent nucleosomes and linkers in chromatin |
Leilei SHI, Yuda FANG( ) |
| National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China |
|
|
|
|
Abstract In addition to the post-translational modifications of histone proteins, emerging literature suggests that the mosaic nucleosomes formed by incorporation of various histone variants provide another mechanism for modifying chromatin structure and function. The locally defined chromatin by histone variants is involved in transcriptional regulation, DNA repair, centromere packaging, maintenance of pericentromeric heterochromatin, stress responses, temperature sensing, development, and many other biological processes. Here, we review the universal histone variants in H2A, H3 and H1 families and their roles in epigenetics.
|
| Keywords
H2AX
H2AZ
H3.3
CenH3
H1
|
|
Corresponding Author(s):
FANG Yuda,Email:yfang@sippe.ac.cn
|
|
Issue Date: 01 April 2011
|
|
| 1 |
Adam M, Robert F, Larochelle M, Gaudreau L (2001). H2A.Z is required for global chromatin integrity and for recruitment of RNA polymerase II under specific conditions. Mol Cell Biol , 21(18): 6270–6279
doi: 10.1128/MCB.21.18.6270-6279.2001 pmid:11509669
|
| 2 |
Ahmad K, Henikoff S (2002). The histone variant H3.3 marks active chromatin by replication-independent nucleosome assembly. Mol Cell , 9(6): 1191–1200
doi: 10.1016/S1097-2765(02)00542-7 pmid:12086617
|
| 3 |
Allis C D, Glover C V C, Bowen J K, Gorovsky M A (1980). Histone variants specific to the transcriptionally active, amitotically dividing macronucleus of the unicellular eucaryote, Tetrahymena thermophila. Cell , 20(3): 609–617
doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90307-4 pmid:7418000
|
| 4 |
Altaf M, Auger A, Covic M, C?té J (2009). Connection between histone H2A variants and chromatin remodeling complexes. Biochem Cell Biol , 87(1): 35–50
doi: 10.1139/O08-140 pmid:19234522
|
| 5 |
Ascenzi R, Gantt J S (1997). A drought-stress-inducible histone gene in Arabidopsis thaliana is a member of a distinct class of plant linker histone variants. Plant Mol Biol , 34(4): 629–641
doi: 10.1023/A:1005886011722 pmid:9247544
|
| 6 |
Ascenzi R, Gantt J S (1999). Subnuclear distribution of the entire complement of linker histone variants in Arabidopsis thaliana. Chromosoma , 108(6): 345–355
doi: 10.1007/s004120050386 pmid:10591994
|
| 7 |
Ausió J, Abbott D W, Wang X, Moore S C (2001). Histone variants and histone modifications: a structural perspective. Biochem Cell Biol , 79(6): 693–708
doi: 10.1139/bcb-79-6-693 pmid:11800010
|
| 8 |
Barra J L, Rhounim L, Rossignol J L, Faugeron G (2000). Histone H1 is dispensable for methylation-associated gene silencing in Ascobolus immersus and essential for long life span. Mol Cell Biol , 20(1): 61–69
doi: 10.1128/MCB.20.1.61-69.2000 pmid:10594009
|
| 9 |
Bonnefoy E, OrsiG A, CoubleP, LoppinB(2007). The essential role of Drosophila HIRA for de novo assembly of paternal chromatin at fertilization.PLoS Genet , 3(10): 1991–2006
|
| 10 |
Carr A M, Dorrington S M, Hindley J, Phear G A, Aves S J, Nurse P (1994). Analysis of a histone H2A variant from fission yeast: evidence for a role in chromosome stability. Mol Gen Genet , 245(5): 628–635
doi: 10.1007/BF00282226 pmid:7808414
|
| 11 |
Celeste A, Petersen S, Romanienko P J, Fernandez-Capetillo O, Chen H T, Sedelnikova O A, Reina-San-Martin B, Coppola V, Meffre E, Difilippantonio M J, Redon C, Pilch D R, Olaru A, Eckhaus M, Camerini-Otero R D, Tessarollo L, Livak F, Manova K, Bonner W M, Nussenzweig M C, Nussenzweig A (2002). Genomic instability in mice lacking histone H2AX. Science , 296(5569): 922–927
doi: 10.1126/science.1069398 pmid:11934988
|
| 12 |
Chadwick B P, Willard H F (2001a). Histone H2A variants and the inactive X chromosome: identification of a second macroH2A variant. Hum Mol Genet , 10(10): 1101–1113
doi: 10.1093/hmg/10.10.1101 pmid:11331621
|
| 13 |
Chadwick B P, Willard H F (2001b). A novel chromatin protein, distantly related to histone H2A, is largely excluded from the inactive X chromosome. J Cell Biol , 152(2): 375–384
doi: 10.1083/jcb.152.2.375 pmid:11266453
|
| 14 |
Chen D, Hinkley C S, Henry R W, Huang S (2002). TBP dynamics in living human cells: constitutive association of TBP with mitotic chromosomes. Mol Biol Cell , 13(1): 276–284
doi: 10.1091/mbc.01-10-0523 pmid:11809839
|
| 15 |
Collins K A, Furuyama S, Biggins S (2004). Proteolysis contributes to the exclusive centromere localization of the yeast Cse4/CENP-A histone H3 variant. Curr Biol , 14(21): 1968–1972
doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2004.10.024 pmid:15530401
|
| 16 |
Cremer C, Münkel C, Granzow M, Jauch A, Dietzel S, Eils R, Guan X Y, Meltzer P S, Trent J M, Langowski J, Cremer T (1996). Nuclear architecture and the induction of chromosomal aberrations. Mutat Res , 366(2): 97–116
pmid:9001577
|
| 17 |
Cremer T, Cremer C (2001). Chromosome territories, nuclear architecture and gene regulation in mammalian cells. Nat Rev Genet , 2(4): 292–301
doi: 10.1038/35066075 pmid:11283701
|
| 18 |
Csink A K, Henikoff S (1996). Genetic modification of heterochromatic association and nuclear organization in Drosophila. Nature , 381(6582): 529–531
doi: 10.1038/381529a0 pmid:8632827
|
| 19 |
Cui B, Gorovsky M A (2006). Centromeric histone H3 is essential for vegetative cell division and for DNA elimination during conjugation in Tetrahymena thermophila. Mol Cell Biol , 26(12): 4499–4510
doi: 10.1128/MCB.00079-06 pmid:16738316
|
| 20 |
Cui B, Liu Y, Gorovsky M A (2006). Deposition and function of histone H3 variants in Tetrahymena thermophila. Mol Cell Biol , 26(20): 7719–7730
doi: 10.1128/MCB.01139-06 pmid:16908532
|
| 21 |
Dalal Y, Wang H, Lindsay S, Henikoff S (2007). Tetrameric structure of centromeric nucleosomes in interphase Drosophila cells. PLoS Biol , 5(8): e218
doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0050218 pmid:17676993
|
| 22 |
Dawson S C, Sagolla M S, Cande W Z (2007). The cenH3 histone variant defines centromeres in Giardia intestinalis. Chromosoma , 116(2): 175–184
doi: 10.1007/s00412-006-0091-3 pmid:17180675
|
| 23 |
Deal R B, Henikoff J G, Henikoff S (2010). Genome-wide kinetics of nucleosome turnover determined by metabolic labeling of histones. Science , 328(5982): 1161–1164
doi: 10.1126/science.1186777 pmid:20508129
|
| 24 |
Delahodde A, Becam A M, Perea J, Jacq C (1986). A yeast protein HX has homologies with the histone H2AF expressed in chicken embryo. Nucleic Acids Res , 14(22): 9213–9214
doi: 10.1093/nar/14.22.9213 pmid:3537966
|
| 25 |
Dernburg A F, Broman K W, Fung J C, Marshall W F, Philips J, Agard D A, Sedat J W (1996). Perturbation of nuclear architecture by long-distance chromosome interactions. Cell , 85(5): 745–759
doi: 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81240-4 pmid:8646782
|
| 26 |
Dhillon N, Oki M, Szyjka S J, Aparicio O M, Kamakaka R T (2006). H2A.Z functions to regulate progression through the cell cycle. Mol Cell Biol , 26(2): 489–501
doi: 10.1128/MCB.26.2.489-501.2006 pmid:16382141
|
| 27 |
Dimitriadis E K, Weber C, Gill R K, Diekmann S, Dalal Y (2010). Tetrameric organization of vertebrate centromeric nucleosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , 107(47): 20317–20322
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1009563107 pmid:21059934
|
| 28 |
Earnshaw W C, Rothfield N (1985). Identification of a family of human centromere proteins using autoimmune sera from patients with scleroderma. Chromosoma , 91(3–4): 313–321
doi: 10.1007/BF00328227 pmid:2579778
|
| 29 |
Erard M S, BelenguerP, Caizergues-FerrerM, PantaloniA, AmalricF(1988). A major nucleolar protein, nucleolin, induces chromatin decondensation by binding to histone H.Eur J Biochem , 175(3): 525–530
|
| 30 |
Faast R, Thonglairoam V, Schulz T C, Beall J, Wells J R, Taylor H, Matthaei K, Rathjen P D, Tremethick D J, Lyons I (2001). Histone variant H2A.Z is required for early mammalian development. Curr Biol , 11(15): 1183–1187
doi: 10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00329-3 pmid:11516949
|
| 31 |
Fan Y, Nikitina T, Morin-Kensicki E M, Zhao J, Magnuson T R, Woodcock C L, Skoultchi A I (2003). H1 linker histones are essential for mouse development and affect nucleosome spacing in vivo. Mol Cell Biol , 23(13): 4559–4572
doi: 10.1128/MCB.23.13.4559-4572.2003 pmid:12808097
|
| 32 |
FangY, SpectorD L(2005). Centromere positioning and dynamics in living Arabidopsis plants.Mol Biol Cell , 16(12): 5710-5718
|
| 33 |
Fang Y, Spector D L (2010). Live Cell Imaging of Plants. Cold Spring Harbor Protocols, pdb top68.
|
| 34 |
Farris S D, Rubio E D, Moon J J, Gombert W M, Nelson B H, Krumm A (2005). Transcription-induced chromatin remodeling at the c-myc gene involves the local exchange of histone H2A.Z. J Biol Chem , 280(26): 25298–25303
doi: 10.1074/jbc.M501784200 pmid:15878876
|
| 35 |
Fatemi M, Wade P A (2006). MBD family proteins: reading the epigenetic code. J Cell Sci , 119(Pt 15): 3033–3037
doi: 10.1242/jcs.03099 pmid:16868031
|
| 36 |
Fernandez-Capetillo O, Mahadevaiah S K, Celeste A, Romanienko P J, Camerini-Otero R D, Bonner W M, Manova K, Burgoyne P, Nussenzweig A (2003). H2AX is required for chromatin remodeling and inactivation of sex chromosomes in male mouse meiosis. Dev Cell , 4(4): 497–508
doi: 10.1016/S1534-5807(03)00093-5 pmid:12689589
|
| 37 |
Fischle W, Wang Y, Jacobs S A, Kim Y, Allis C D, Khorasanizadeh S (2003). Molecular basis for the discrimination of repressive methyl-lysine marks in histone H3 by Polycomb and HP1 chromodomains. Genes Dev , 17(15): 1870–1881
doi: 10.1101/gad.1110503 pmid:12897054
|
| 38 |
Gantt J S, Lenvik T R (1991). Arabidopsis thaliana H1 histones. Analysis of two members of a small gene family. Eur J Biochem , 202(3): 1029–1039
doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1991.tb16466.x pmid:1765064
|
| 39 |
Gévry N, Chan H M, Laflamme L, Livingston D M, Gaudreau L (2007). p21 transcription is regulated by differential localization of histone H2A.Z. Genes Dev , 21(15): 1869–1881
doi: 10.1101/gad.1545707 pmid:17671089
|
| 40 |
Gévry N, Hardy S, Jacques P E, Laflamme L, Svotelis A, Robert F, Gaudreau L (2009). Histone H2A.Z is essential for estrogen receptor signaling. Genes Dev , 23(13): 1522–1533
doi: 10.1101/gad.1787109 pmid:19515975
|
| 41 |
Ginisty H, Sicard H, Roger B, Bouvet P(1999). Structure and functions of nucleolin.J Cell Sci , 112 (Pt 6): 761–772
|
| 42 |
Goldberg A D, Banaszynski L A, Noh K M, Lewis P W, Elsaesser S J, Stadler S, Dewell S, Law M, Guo X, Li X, Wen D, Chapgier A, DeKelver R C, Miller J C, Lee Y L, Boydston E A, Holmes M C, Gregory P D, Greally J M, Rafii S, Yang C, Scambler P J, Garrick D, Gibbons R J, Higgs D R, Cristea I M, Urnov F D, Zheng D, Allis C D (2010). Distinct factors control histone variant H3.3 localization at specific genomic regions. Cell , 140(5): 678–691
doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.01.003 pmid:20211137
|
| 43 |
Govin J, Caron C, Rousseaux S, Khochbin S (2005). Testis-specific histone H3 expression in somatic cells. Trends Biochem Sci , 30(7): 357–359
doi: 10.1016/j.tibs.2005.05.001 pmid:15922600
|
| 44 |
Grove G W, Zweidler A (1984). Regulation of nucleosomal core histone variant levels in differentiating murine erythroleukemia cells. Biochemistry , 23(19): 4436–4443
doi: 10.1021/bi00314a030 pmid:6593094
|
| 45 |
Hake S B, Garcia B A, Kauer M, Baker S P, Shabanowitz J, Hunt D F, Allis C D (2005). Serine 31 phosphorylation of histone variant H3.3 is specific to regions bordering centromeres in metaphase chromosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , 102(18): 6344–6349
doi: 10.1073/pnas.0502413102 pmid:15851689
|
| 46 |
Hardy S, Jacques P é, Gévry N, Forest A, Fortin M è, Laflamme L, Gaudreau L, Robert F (2009). The euchromatic and heterochromatic landscapes are shaped by antagonizing effects of transcription on H2A.Z deposition. PLoS Genet , 5(10): e1000687
doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000687 pmid:19834540
|
| 47 |
Hashimoto H, Takami Y, Sonoda E, Iwasaki T, Iwano H, Tachibana M, Takeda S, Nakayama T, Kimura H, Shinkai Y (2010). Histone H1 null vertebrate cells exhibit altered nucleosome architecture. Nucleic Acids Res , 38(11): 3533–3545
doi: 10.1093/nar/gkq076 pmid:20156997
|
| 48 |
Henikoff S (2008). Nucleosome destabilization in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Nat Rev Genet , 9(1): 15–26
doi: 10.1038/nrg2206 pmid:18059368
|
| 49 |
Henikoff S, Ahmad K (2005). Assembly of variant histones into chromatin. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol , 21(1): 133–153
doi: 10.1146/annurev.cellbio.21.012704.133518 pmid:16212490
|
| 50 |
Hewawasam G, Shivaraju M, Mattingly M, Venkatesh S, Martin-Brown S, Florens L, Workman J L, Gerton J L (2010). Psh1 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets the centromeric histone variant Cse4. Mol Cell , 40(3): 444–454
doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2010.10.014 pmid:21070970
|
| 51 |
HodlM, BaslerK (2009). Transcription in the absence of histone H3.3. Curr Biol , 19(14): 1221–1226
|
| 52 |
Ho L, Crabtree G R (2010). Chromatin remodelling during development. Nature , 463(7280): 474–484
doi: 10.1038/nature08911 pmid:20110991
|
| 53 |
Ingouff M, Rademacher S, Holec S, ?olji? L, Xin N, Readshaw A, Foo S H, Lahouze B, Sprunck S, Berger F (2010). Zygotic resetting of the HISTONE 3 variant repertoire participates in epigenetic reprogramming in Arabidopsis. Curr Biol, 23(20): 2137–2143
|
| 54 |
Jackson J D, Gorovsky M A (2000). Histone H2A.Z has a conserved function that is distinct from that of the major H2A sequence variants. Nucleic Acids Res , 28(19): 3811–3816
doi: 10.1093/nar/28.19.3811 pmid:11000274
|
| 55 |
Jenuwein T, Allis C D (2001). Translating the histone code. Science , 293(5532): 1074–1080
doi: 10.1126/science.1063127 pmid:11498575
|
| 56 |
Kapros T, Robertson A J, Waterborg J H (1995). Histone H3 transcript stability in alfalfa. Plant Mol Biol , 28(5): 901–914
doi: 10.1007/BF00042074 pmid:7640361
|
| 57 |
KermekchievM, WorkmanJ L, PikaardC S (1997). Nucleosome binding by the polymerase I transactivator upstream binding factor displaces linker histone H1.Mol Cell Biol , 17(10): 5833-5842
|
| 58 |
Kojima H, SuzukiT, Kato T, EnomotoK, SatoS, KatoT, TabataS, Sáez-VasquezJ, EcheverríaM, NakagawaT, Ishiguro S, NakamuraK(2007). Sugar-inducible expression of the nucleolin-1 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana and its role in ribosome synthesis, growth and development.Plant J , 49(6):1053–1063
|
| 59 |
Kumar S V, Wigge P A (2010). H2A.Z-containing nucleosomes mediate the thermosensory response in Arabidopsis. Cell , 140(1): 136–147
doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2009.11.006 pmid:20079334
|
| 60 |
Larochelle M, Gaudreau L (2003). H2A.Z has a function reminiscent of an activator required for preferential binding to intergenic DNA. EMBO J, 22: 4512–4522
|
| 61 |
Leach T J, Mazzeo M, Chotkowski H L, Madigan J P, Wotring M G, Glaser R L (2000). Histone H2A.Z is widely but nonrandomly distributed in chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. J Biol Chem , 275(30): 23267–23272
doi: 10.1074/jbc.M910206199 pmid:10801889
|
| 62 |
Lever M A, Th’ng J P, Sun X, Hendzel M J (2000). Rapid exchange of histone H1.1 on chromatin in living human cells. Nature , 408(6814): 873–876
doi: 10.1038/35048603 pmid:11130728
|
| 63 |
Li C, Mueller J E, Elfline M, Bryk M (2008). Linker histone H1 represses recombination at the ribosomal DNA locus in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Microbiol , 67(4): 906–919
doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.06101.x pmid:18179596
|
| 64 |
Liu X, Li B, GorovskyMA (1996). Essential and nonessential histone H2A variants in Tetrahymena thermophila. Mol Cell Biol , 16(8): 4305–4311
pmid:8754831
|
| 65 |
Loppin B, Bonnefoy E, Anselme C, Lauren?on A, Karr T L, Couble P (2005). The histone H3.3 chaperone HIRA is essential for chromatin assembly in the male pronucleus. Nature , 437(7063): 1386–1390
doi: 10.1038/nature04059 pmid:16251970
|
| 66 |
Loyola A (2004). Histone chaperones, a supporting role in the limelight. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) -. Gene Structure and Expression , 1677: 3–11
|
| 67 |
Lu X, Wontakal S N, Emelyanov A V, Morcillo P, Konev A Y, Fyodorov D V, Skoultchi A I (2009). Linker histone H1 is essential for Drosophila development, the establishment of pericentric heterochromatin, and a normal polytene chromosome structure. Genes Dev , 23(4): 452–465
doi: 10.1101/gad.1749309 pmid:19196654
|
| 68 |
Luger K, M?der A W, Richmond R K, Sargent D F, Richmond T J (1997). Crystal structure of the nucleosome core particle at 2.8 A resolution. Nature , 389(6648): 251–260
doi: 10.1038/38444 pmid:9305837
|
| 69 |
Mahadevaiah S K, Turner J M, Baudat F, Rogakou E P, de Boer P, Blanco-Rodríguez J, Jasin M, Keeney S, Bonner W M, Burgoyne P S (2001). Recombinational DNA double-strand breaks in mice precede synapsis. Nat Genet , 27(3): 271–276
doi: 10.1038/85830 pmid:11242108
|
| 70 |
Malik H S, Henikoff S (2001). Adaptive evolution of Cid, a centromere-specific histone in Drosophila. Genetics , 157(3): 1293–1298
pmid:11238413
|
| 71 |
Malik H S, Henikoff S (2003). Phylogenomics of the nucleosome. Nat Struct Biol , 10(11): 882–891
doi: 10.1038/nsb996 pmid:14583738
|
| 72 |
March-Díaz R, García-Domínguez M, Lozano-Juste J, León J, Florencio F J, Reyes J C (2008). Histone H2A.Z and homologues of components of the SWR1 complex are required to control immunity in Arabidopsis. Plant J , 53(3): 475–487
doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2007.03361.x pmid:17988222
|
| 73 |
March-Díaz R, Reyes J C (2009). The beauty of being a variant: H2A.Z and the SWR1 complex in plants. Mol Plant , 2(4): 565–577
doi: 10.1093/mp/ssp019 pmid:19825639
|
| 74 |
Meneghini M D, Wu M, Madhani H D (2003). Conserved histone variant H2A.Z protects euchromatin from the ectopic spread of silent heterochromatin. Cell , 112(5): 725–736
doi: 10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00123-5 pmid:12628191
|
| 75 |
Misteli T (2009). Self-organization in the genome. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , 106(17): 6885–6886
doi: 10.1073/pnas.0902010106 pmid:19416923
|
| 76 |
Misteli T, Gunjan A, Hock R, Bustin M, Brown D T (2000). Dynamic binding of histone H1 to chromatin in living cells. Nature , 408(6814): 877–881
doi: 10.1038/35048610 pmid:11130729
|
| 77 |
Misteli T, Soutoglou E (2009). The emerging role of nuclear architecture in DNA repair and genome maintenance. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol , 10(4): 243–254
doi: 10.1038/nrm2651 pmid:19277046
|
| 78 |
Mizuguchi G, Xiao H, Wisniewski J, Smith M M, Wu C (2007). Nonhistone Scm3 and histones CenH3-H4 assemble the core of centromere-specific nucleosomes. Cell , 129(6): 1153–1164
doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2007.04.026 pmid:17574026
|
| 79 |
Mongelard F, Bouvet P(2007). Nucleolin: a multiFACeTed protein.Trends Cell Biol , 17(2): 80–86
|
| 80 |
Moore L L, Morrison M, Roth M B (1999). HCP-1, a protein involved in chromosome segregation, is localized to the centromere of mitotic chromosomes in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Cell Biol , 147(3): 471–480
doi: 10.1083/jcb.147.3.471 pmid:10545493
|
| 81 |
Mousson F, Ochsenbein F, Mann C (2007). The histone chaperone Asf1 at the crossroads of chromatin and DNA checkpoint pathways. Chromosoma , 116(2): 79–93
doi: 10.1007/s00412-006-0087-z pmid:17180700
|
| 82 |
Nagaki K, Kashihara K, Murata M (2005). Visualization of diffuse centromeres with centromere-specific histone H3 in the holocentric plant Luzula nivea. Plant Cell , 17(7): 1886–1893
doi: 10.1105/tpc.105.032961 pmid:15937225
|
| 83 |
Ng R K, Gurdon J B (2008). Epigenetic memory of an active gene state depends on histone H3.3 incorporation into chromatin in the absence of transcription. Nat Cell Biol , 10(1): 102–109
doi: 10.1038/ncb1674 pmid:18066050
|
| 84 |
Oishi K, Okano H, Sawa H (2007). RMD-1, a novel microtubule-associated protein, functions in chromosome segregation in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Cell Biol , 179(6): 1149–1162
doi: 10.1083/jcb.200705108 pmid:18070910
|
| 85 |
Patterton H G, Landel C C, Landsman D, Peterson C L, Simpson R T (1998). The biochemical and phenotypic characterization of Hho1p, the putative linker histone H1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem , 273(13): 7268–7276
doi: 10.1074/jbc.273.13.7268 pmid:9516420
|
| 86 |
Paull T T, Rogakou E P, Yamazaki V, Kirchgessner C U, Gellert M, Bonner W M (2000). A critical role for histone H2AX in recruitment of repair factors to nuclear foci after DNA damage. Curr Biol , 10(15): 886–895
doi: 10.1016/S0960-9822(00)00610-2 pmid:10959836
|
| 87 |
Pehrson J R, Fried V A (1992). MacroH2A, a core histone containing a large nonhistone region. Science , 257(5075): 1398–1400
doi: 1529340" target="_blank">10.1126/science. pmid:1529340 pmid:1529340
|
| 88 |
PontvianneF, MatíaI, DouetJ, TourmenteS, MedinaF J, EcheverriaM, Sáez-Vásquez J(2007). Characterization of AtNUC-L1 reveals a central role of nucleolin in nucleolus organization and silencing of AtNUC-L2 gene in Arabidopsis.Mol Biol Cell , 18(2): 369–379
|
| 89 |
Ramón A, Muro-Pastor M I, Scazzocchio C, Gonzalez R (2000). Deletion of the unique gene encoding a typical histone H1 has no apparent phenotype in Aspergillus nidulans. Mol Microbiol , 35(1): 223–233
doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.01702.x pmid:10632892
|
| 90 |
Redon C, Pilch D, Rogakou E, Sedelnikova O, Newrock K, Bonner W (2002). Histone H2A variants H2AX and H2AZ. Curr Opin Genet Dev , 12(2): 162–169
doi: 10.1016/S0959-437X(02)00282-4 pmid:11893489
|
| 91 |
Sakai A, Schwartz B E, Goldstein S, Ahmad K (2009). Transcriptional and developmental functions of the H3.3 histone variant in Drosophila. Curr Biol , 19(21): 1816–1820
doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2009.09.021 pmid:19781938
|
| 92 |
Santenard A, Ziegler-Birling C, Koch M, Tora L, Bannister A J, Torres-Padilla M E (2010). Heterochromatin formation in the mouse embryo requires critical residues of the histone variant H3.3. Nat Cell Biol , 12(9): 853–862
doi: 10.1038/ncb2089 pmid:20676102
|
| 93 |
Sawatsubashi S, Murata T, Lim J, Fujiki R, Ito S, Suzuki E, Tanabe M, Zhao Y, Kimura S, Fujiyama S, Ueda T, Umetsu D, Ito T, Takeyama K, Kato S (2010). A histone chaperone, DEK, transcriptionally coactivates a nuclear receptor. Genes Dev , 24(2): 159–170
doi: 10.1101/gad.1857410 pmid:20040570
|
| 94 |
Sch?fer G, McEvoy C R, Patterton H G (2008). The Saccharomyces cerevisiae linker histone Hho1p is essential for chromatin compaction in stationary phase and is displaced by transcription. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , 105(39): 14838–14843
doi: 10.1073/pnas.0806337105 pmid:18799740
|
| 95 |
Schwartz B E, Ahmad K (2005). Transcriptional activation triggers deposition and removal of the histone variant H3.3. Genes Dev , 19(7): 804–814
doi: 10.1101/gad.1259805 pmid:15774717
|
| 96 |
Sedelnikova O A, Pilch D R, Redon C, Bonner W M (2003). Histone H2AX in DNA damage and repair. Cancer Biol Ther , 2(3): 233–235
pmid:12878854
|
| 97 |
Shen X, Yu L, Weir J W, Gorovsky M A (1995). Linker histones are not essential and affect chromatin condensation in vivo. Cell , 82(1): 47–56
doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90051-9 pmid:7606784
|
| 98 |
ShuaibM, OuararhniK, DimitrovS, HamicheA(2010). HJURP binds CENP-A via a highly conserved N-terminal domain and mediates its deposition at centromeres.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , 107(4): 1349–1354
|
| 99 |
Smith M M (2002). Centromeres and variant histones: what, where, when and why? Curr Opin Cell Biol , 14(3): 279–285
doi: 10.1016/S0955-0674(02)00331-9 pmid:12067649
|
| 100 |
Stoler S, Keith K C, Curnick K E, Fitzgerald-Hayes M (1995). A mutation in CSE4, an essential gene encoding a novel chromatin-associated protein in yeast, causes chromosome nondisjunction and cell cycle arrest at mitosis. Genes Dev , 9(5): 573–586
doi: 10.1101/gad.9.5.573 pmid:7698647
|
| 101 |
Str?m L, Lindroos H B, Shirahige K, Sj?gren C (2004). Postreplicative recruitment of cohesin to double-strand breaks is required for DNA repair. Mol Cell , 16(6): 1003–1015
doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2004.11.026 pmid:15610742
|
| 102 |
Tagami H, Ray-Gallet D, Almouzni G, Nakatani Y (2004). Histone H3.1 and H3.3 complexes mediate nucleosome assembly pathways dependent or independent of DNA synthesis. Cell , 116(1): 51–61
doi: 10.1016/S0092-8674(03)01064-X pmid:14718166
|
| 103 |
Talbert P B, Henikoff S (2010). Histone variants—ancient wrap artists of the epigenome. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol , 11(4): 264–275
doi: 10.1038/nrm2861 pmid:20197778
|
| 104 |
Talbert P B, Masuelli R, Tyagi A P, Comai L, Henikoff S (2002). Centromeric localization and adaptive evolution of an Arabidopsis histone H3 variant. Plant Cell , 14(5): 1053–1066
doi: 10.1105/tpc.010425 pmid:12034896
|
| 105 |
Thiriet C, Hayes J J (2005). Replication-independent core histone dynamics at transcriptionally active loci in vivo. Genes Dev , 19(6): 677–682
doi: 10.1101/gad.1265205 pmid:15769942
|
| 106 |
ünal E, Arbel-Eden A, Sattler U, Shroff R, Lichten M, Haber J E, Koshland D (2004). DNA damage response pathway uses histone modification to assemble a double-strand break-specific cohesin domain. Mol Cell , 16(6): 991–1002
doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2004.11.027 pmid:15610741
|
| 107 |
Ushinsky S C, Bussey H, Ahmed A A, Wang Y, Friesen J, Williams B A, Storms R K (1997). Histone H1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast , 13(2): 151–161
doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0061(199702)13:2<151::AID-YEA94>3.0.CO;2-5 pmid:9046096
|
| 108 |
van Attikum H, Gasser S M (2009). Crosstalk between histone modifications during the DNA damage response. Trends Cell Biol , 19(5): 207–217
doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2009.03.001 pmid:19342239
|
| 109 |
van Daal A, Elgin S C (1992). A histone variant, H2AvD, is essential in Drosophila melanogaster. Mol Biol Cell , 3(6): 593–602
pmid:1498368
|
| 110 |
van der Heijden G W, Derijck A A, Pósfai E, Giele M, Pelczar P, Ramos L, Wansink D G, van der Vlag J, Peters A H, de Boer P (2007). Chromosome-wide nucleosome replacement and H3.3 incorporation during mammalian meiotic sex chromosome inactivation. Nat Genet , 39(2): 251–258
doi: 10.1038/ng1949 pmid:17237782
|
| 111 |
Waddington C H (1942). The epigenotype. Endeavour, pp. 18–20 .
|
| 112 |
Waddington C H (1968). Towards a Theoretical Biology. In: The Basic Ideas of Biology Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, pp. 1–32
|
| 113 |
Walfridsson J, Bjerling P, Thalen M, Yoo E J, Park S D, Ekwall K (2005). The CHD remodeling factor Hrp1 stimulates CENP-A loading to centromeres. Nucleic Acids Res , 33(9): 2868–2879
doi: 10.1093/nar/gki579 pmid:15908586
|
| 114 |
Waterborg J H (1991). Multiplicity of histone h3 variants in wheat, barley, rice, and maize. Plant Physiol , 96(2): 453–458
doi: 10.1104/pp.96.2.453 pmid:16668207
|
| 115 |
West M H, Bonner W M (1980). Histone 2A, a heteromorphous family of eight protein species. Biochemistry , 19(14): 3238–3245
doi: 10.1021/bi00555a022 pmid:7407044
|
| 116 |
WierzbickiA T, JerzmanowskiA(2005). Suppression of histone H1 genes in Arabidopsis results in heritable developmental defects and stochastic changes in DNA methylation.Genetics , 169(2): 997–1008
|
| 117 |
Wu Ct, Morris J R (2001). Genes, genetics, and epigenetics: a correspondence. Science , 293(5532): 1103–1105
doi: 10.1126/science.293.5532.1103 pmid:11498582
|
| 118 |
Zhang Q, Wang Y (2010). HMG modifications and nuclear function. Biochim Biophys Acta , 1799(1–2): 28–36
pmid:20123066
|
| 119 |
Zhang X, Germann S, Blus B J, Khorasanizadeh S, Gaudin V, Jacobsen S E (2007). The Arabidopsis LHP1 protein colocalizes with histone H3 Lys27 trimethylation. Nat Struct Mol Biol , 14(9): 869–871
doi: 10.1038/nsmb1283 pmid:17676062
|
| 120 |
Zheng Y, John S, Pesavento J J, Schultz-Norton J R, Schiltz R L, Baek S, Nardulli A M, Hager G L, Kelleher N L, Mizzen C A (2010). Histone H1 phosphorylation is associated with transcription by RNA polymerases I and II. J Cell Biol , 189(3): 407–415
doi: 10.1083/jcb.201001148 pmid:20439994
|
| 121 |
Zilberman D, Coleman-Derr D, Ballinger T, Henikoff S (2008). Histone H2A.Z and DNA methylation are mutually antagonistic chromatin marks. Nature , 456(7218): 125–129
doi: 10.1038/nature07324 pmid:18815594
|
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
| |
Shared |
|
|
|
|
| |
Discussed |
|
|
|
|
