Anatomical and histological characteristic of the tongue and tongue mucosa linguae in the cattle-yak (<i>Bos taurus</i> × <i>Bos grunniens</i>)

doi:10.1007/s11515-016-1393-3

Front. Biol.

2016, Vol. 11

Issue (2) : 141-148 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11515-016-1393-3

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Anatomical and histological characteristic of the tongue and tongue mucosa linguae in the cattle-yak (Bos taurus × Bos grunniens)

Yanping Ding¹,Shiyuan Yu¹,Baoping Shao^2,^*(

)

1. School of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730000, China
2. Institute of Zoology, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China

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Abstract

This study presents the first definitive anatomical description of the tongue and lingual papillae of the cattle-yak. Data on tongues from 12 healthy cattle-yaks were collected. The results show that five types of papillae were identifiable on the tongue surface of the cattle-yak. Among these, three types were mechanical papillae (filiform, conical, and lenticular), and two types were gustatory papillae (vallate and fungiform). Some morphological features of the cattle-yak tongue were similar to those of domestic ruminants, but the lingual prominence was higher and more developed. For example, more mechanical papillae were present and they were covered by a thicker, keratinized epithelium, the conical papillae possibly perform an immune function, the fungiform papillae have more mucus-secreting pores, and the sublingual glands were more developed. This research will provide a further and detailed source of morphological information about the cattle-yak that is currently lacking in species-specific studies on the morphology of the Bovidae family.

Keywords cattle-yak lingual papillae morphology anatomy, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau tongue

Corresponding Author(s): Baoping Shao

Online First Date: 26 April 2016 Issue Date: 17 May 2016

Cite this article:

Yanping Ding,Shiyuan Yu,Baoping Shao. Anatomical and histological characteristic of the tongue and tongue mucosa linguae in the cattle-yak (Bos taurus × Bos grunniens)[J]. Front. Biol., 2016, 11(2): 141-148.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fib/EN/10.1007/s11515-016-1393-3
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fib/EN/Y2016/V11/I2/141

Tab.1 Macroscopic measurements of the cattle-yak tongue (mean±SE, n = 12)

Fig.1 The tongue of the cattle-yak: a, lingual root; b, lingual body; c, lingual apex; d, transverse sulcus; (B), (C), and (D) are the enlarged view of areas B, C, and D in (A), respectively; 1, vallate papillae; 2, lenticular papillae; 3, conical papillae; 4, fungiform papillae; 5, filiform papillae.

Fig.2 The filiform papillae of the cattle-yak: (A), (B), and (C) light micrographs of a sagittal section of the base of filiform papillae distributed on the anterior part of the tongue. There were some lingual gland ducts (GD) in the lamina propria, but no nuclear area (*) in the epithelium; (D) SEM micrograph of the external surface of a filiform papilla distributed on the anterior part of the tongue. The filiform papilla was spearhead-like in shape; (E) SEM micrograph of the external surface of the papillae apex; (F) SEM micrograph of the aculeate-serrate, keratinized epithelium.

Fig.3 The conical papillae of the cattle-yak: (A) and (B) light micrographs of a sagittal section of the conical papillae. There were some lymph nodules (LN) and lingual gland ducts (GD); (C) SEM micrograph of the external surface of a conical papilla distributed on the dorsal surface of the lingual prominence. The conical papilla was blunted and conical-like in shape; (C′) SEM micrograph of the external surface of a conical papilla distributed on the dorsal surface of the lingual prominence. The conical papilla was tapering and conical-like in shape; (D) SEM micrograph of the external surface of the conical papilla (Arrows: mucus-secreting pores); (D′) SEM micrograph of the external surface of the tapering, conical-shaped apex papillae (Arrow: mucus-secreting pore).

Fig.4 The lenticular papillae of the cattle-yak: (A) light micrograph of a section of the lenticular papilla. The top of the papilla was covered by thin, keratinized epithelium, and the lingual gland ducts (GD) were located on the lamina propria; (B) SEM micrograph of the external surface of the lenticular papilla; (C) and (D) SEM magnified micrographs of the external surfaces of the lenticular papillae (Arrows: mucus-secreting pores).

Fig.5 The fungiform papilla of the cattle-yak: (A), (B), and (C) light micrographs of a sagittal section of the base of the filiform papillae occurring on the anterior part of the tongue. The taste buds were observed on the dorsal surface of the epithelium (TB), and the lingual gland ducts (GD) were observed on the lamina propria; (D) SEM of the surface view of the round, fungiform papilla showing several mucus-secreting pores (Arrows), note the few, sharp filiform papillae at its periphery; (E) and (f) SEM micrographs of the external surfaces of the fungiform papillae, the flat scale-like peeling of the epithelium is a characteristic feature of the taste pore (star) and mucus-secreting pores (Arrows).

Fig.6 The vallate papilla of the cattle-yak: (A) and (B) light micrographs of a sagittal section of the vallate papillae. The taste buds (TB) were found on the dorsal surface of the epithelium, serous-rich, mixed lingual glands (S) and the lingual gland ducts (GD) were observed on the lamina propria; (C) SEM of the vallate papilla showing vallum, moat on its surface; (D) SEM magnified micrograph of the external surface of the papilla (Arrows: mucus-secreting pores); (E) SEM showing the opening of the secretory duct of the vallate papilla (Arrow: mucus-secreting pore) and secretory granules (SG); (F) SEM showing the honeycomb-like, inner surface and taste pore (star) on the surface of the body of a vallate papilla.

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