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Frontiers in Biology

ISSN 1674-7984

ISSN 1674-7992(Online)

CN 11-5892/Q

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Front. Biol.    2016, Vol. 11 Issue (4) : 331-337    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11515-016-1410-6
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Proximate composition and elemental analysis in soft tissues of freshwater mussels (Anodonta anatina) from the Chashma Lake, River Indus Pakistan
Muhammad Sohail1,*(),Muhammad Naeem Khan1,Abdul Shakoor Chaudhry2,Khurram Shahzad1
1. Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan
2. School of Agriculture, Food and Rural development, Newcastle University, UK
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Aquatic invertebrates are playing an important role in assessment of the water contaminants and also serve as a major component of food chain. Freshwater mussels are considered to be the good bioindicator species of aquatic environment and widely used to determine the metals load.

METHODS: Proximate composition and elemental analysis were carried out in edible (foot, mantle) and non-edible portion (gills) of freshwater mussels (Anodonta anatina) harvested from various site of Chashma Lake, River Indus Pakistan.

RESULTS: The nutritional components were varied among the studied portion and muscular foot found to be the best part for consumption. Protein and fat contents were significantly higher in foot (15.90±0.88%, 1.19±0.26%) as compared to mantle (10.78±2.24%, 0.27±0.09%) and gills (6.44±1.22%, 0.53±0.15%) respectively. For the macro minerals mantle had high concentration of Ca (46838±984 mg/kg), Na (2706±343 mg/kg), P (6921±1063 mg/kg) and Mn (7207±1046 mg/kg) as compared to foot.

CONCLUSIONS: Heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Cr) concentration in edible portions were lower than the permissible limit by WHO whereas the concentration of Pb was slightly higher than the recommended value that might be the risk for the consumers. Being filter feeder gills accumulated the high concentration of all the metals and found to be the key portion for biomonitoring studies. Freshwater mussels of Chashma Lake Indus River are the rich source of protein and all the other micro and macro minerals therefore could be used as an excellent source of food.
Keywords proximate composition      minerals      metals      River Indus      freshwater mussel     
Corresponding Author(s): Muhammad Sohail   
Online First Date: 13 July 2016    Issue Date: 30 August 2016
 Cite this article:   
Muhammad Sohail,Muhammad Naeem Khan,Abdul Shakoor Chaudhry, et al. Proximate composition and elemental analysis in soft tissues of freshwater mussels (Anodonta anatina) from the Chashma Lake, River Indus Pakistan[J]. Front. Biol., 2016, 11(4): 331-337.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fib/EN/10.1007/s11515-016-1410-6
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fib/EN/Y2016/V11/I4/331
Soft tissues Composition % ?
Carbon Nitrogen C/N ratio
Foot 37.24±8.74a 9.31±3.01a 4.146±0.60a
Gills 32.12±5.12a 6.806±1.51a 4.787±0.51a
Mantle 38.86±4.08a 8.79±2.49a 4.63±0.98a
Tab.1  Variation in Carbon and Nitrogen contents (%) among soft tissues of freshwater Mussels (Anodonta anatina) from Chashma Lake River Indus Pakistan
Soft tissues ? Compositions (%)
? ? Moisture Protein Carbohydrate Lipids Ash
Foot 78.22±1.70ab 15.90±0.88a 4.23±1.45b 1.19±0.26a 0.46±0.05c
Gills 78.96±2.86a 6.44±1.22c 6.55±1.69ab 0.53±0.15b 7.51±1.88a
Mantle 75.12±3.97b 10.78±2.24b 8.54±3.11a 0.27±0.09c 5.29±0.39b
Tab.2  Variation in Proximate composition (%) among soft tissues of freshwater mussels (Anodonta anatina) from Chashma Lake River Indus Pakistan
Nutrients Moisture Protein Fat Carbohydrates
Protein −0.231
P-value 0.22
Fats 0.154 0.661
P-value 0.417 0.000
Carbohydrates −0.669 −0.396 −0.551
P-value 0.000 0.030 0.002
Ash −0.183 −0.823 −0.690 0.429
P-value 0.334 0.000 0.000 0.018
Tab.3  Pearson correlation coefficient (r) among nutrients in soft tissues of freshwater mussels (Anodonta anatina) from Chashma Lake River Indus Pakistan
Metals ? Concentration (mg/kg)
? ? Foot ? Gills ? Mantle
Lead (Pb) 3.781±1.555a 4.037±2.348a 4.831±2.661a
Copper (Cu) 15.60±4.61a 29.06±16.01a 30.07±13.70a
Chromium (Cr) 0.8278±0.1447b 1.977±0.951ab 2.659±2.459a
Cadmium (Cd) 0.6821±0.2216b 1.503±0.396a 2.011±0.768a
Manganese (Mn) 47.2±30.3c 23519±1050a 7207±1046b
Zinc (Zn) 84.85±11.59b 222.4±51.6a 212.4±56.2a
Calcium (Ca) 2157.6±235.4c 177698±1799a 46838±984b
Potassium (K) 610.2±66.9b 849.1±71.5a 420.6±38.2c
Sodium (Na) 1147.5±225.7b 2261±575a 2706±343a
Phosphorus (P) 2711±487c 47097±1278a 6921±1063b
? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Tab.4  Variation in elements concentration (mg/kg) among soft tissues of freshwater mussels (Anodonta anatina) from Chashma Lake River Indus Pakistan
Metals Pb Cu Cr Cd Mn Zn Ca K Na
Cu −0.032 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
p-value 0.876 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Cr 0.084 0.305 ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
p-value 0.676 0.123 ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Cd −0.012 0.068 0.005 ? ? ? ? ? ?
p-value 0.952 0.735 0.979 ? ? ? ? ? ?
Mn 0.027 0.388 0.227 0.28 ? ? ? ? ?
p-value 0.893 0.046 0.254 0.157 ? ? ? ? ?
Zn −0.093 0.412 0.004 0.489 0.634 ? ? ? ?
p-value 0.644 0.033 0.531 0.01 0.000 ? ? ? ?
Ca −0.004 0.316 0.174 0.282 0.995 0.611 ? ? ?
p-value 0.644 0.108 0.385 0.154 0.000 0.001 ? ? ?
K −0.054 −0.068 −0.152 −0.264 0.685 0.000 0.726 ? ?
p-value 0.789 0.735 0.449 0.183 0.000 1.000 0.000 ? ?
Na 0.131 0.263 0.157 0.87 0.42 0.548 0.409 −0.127 ?
p-value 0.515 0.185 0.434 0.000 0.029 0.003 0.034 0.528 ?
P −0.051 0.255 0.111 0.164 0.972 0.520 0.986 0.815 0.28
p-value 0.799 0.198 0.582 0.413 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.000 0.157
Tab.5  Pearson correlation coefficient (r) among elements in soft tissues of freshwater mussels (Anodonta anatina) from the Chashma Lake, River Indus Pakistan
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