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Frontiers in Energy

ISSN 2095-1701

ISSN 2095-1698(Online)

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Front. Energy    2014, Vol. 8 Issue (3) : 379-385    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-014-0328-4
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Method for rating energy performance of public buildings
Jincheng XING1,*(),Youli LI1,Jihong LING1,Huiyang YU2,Liwen WANG3
1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
2. Tianjin Vanke Real Estate Co. Ltd., Tianjin 300141, China
3. Tianjin University Research Institute of Architectural Design & Urban Planning, Tianjin 300072, China
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Abstract

This paper discussed a comparative study of several state-of-art methods for determining building energy consumption benchmark. A new approach, which combined the idea of “building benchmark” and “operational benchmark” in its rating system, was proposed. A case study was conducted which applied the proposed approach to benchmarking an existing office building in Tianjin. Besides, the calculation of benchmarks of the reference building model and real building model using the rating method in eQUEST was also considered. Furthermore, the simulation results of the reference building model were taken as the baseline to divide real office buildings into different energy performance grades.
Keywords energy consumption benchmark      energy efficiency benchmark      energy performance level     
Corresponding Author(s): Jincheng XING   
Issue Date: 09 September 2014
 Cite this article:   
Jincheng XING,Youli LI,Jihong LING, et al. Method for rating energy performance of public buildings[J]. Front. Energy, 2014, 8(3): 379-385.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fie/EN/10.1007/s11708-014-0328-4
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fie/EN/Y2014/V8/I3/379
MethodAdvantageDisadvantage
Mean value method①Intuition: easily determine whether a building is energy-saving or not. ②Fairness.Unreliability: ignore other factors that affect energy consumption level.
Regression analysis methodRationality and progressiveness: take differences among buildings and key influencing factors into consideration.Incomprehensiveness: lake of evaluation of thermal performance of building envelope.
Fixed horizontal methodRapid evaluation of building energy usage.Time-consuming and labor-intensive for filtering and correcting of the data of building samples.
Technical calculation methodStrong operability, sufficient scientific evidence and specific technical analysis.①Not exactly the same between simulation model and real building. ②Exist certain volatility in the simulation results.
Tab.1  Comparative analysis of methods for determining energy consumption benchmark
Building typeNumber of floorsArea/m2Cold/Heat sourceAir conditioning terminalTotal electricity consumption in 2011/(kW·h)
Office building64585Ground source heat pumpFCU+ capillary system372036
Tab.2  Summary of building information and energy research results
PositionHeat transfer coefficient of the building for case studyLimits of heat transfer coefficient specified in DSEPB
Window23
Wall0.390.6
Roof0.420.55
Overhead or outrigger floor with the bottom in contact with outdoor air0.350.6
Tab.3  Heat transfer coefficient of building envelope
Room typePersonal density (m2/person)Lighting power density(W/m2)Office equipment power density(W/m2)
General office41120
High-grade office81813
Conference room2.5115
Corridor5050
Other20115
Tab.4  Lighting, equipment and number of people in reference building
Time (o’clock)
123456789101112
Hourly lighting open rates/%Weekday000000105095959580
Holiday000000000000
Hourly personnel staying rate in room/%Weekday000000105095959580
Holiday000000000000
Hourly utilization rate of office equipment/%Weekday000000105095959550
Holiday000000000000
Time (o’clock)
131415161718192021222324
Hourly lighting turned-on rates/%Weekday8095959595303000000
Holiday000000000000
Hourly personnel staying rate in room/%Weekday8095959595303000000
Holiday000000000000
Hourly utilization rate of office equipment/%Weekday5095959595303000000
Holiday000000000000
Tab.5  Operation time and utilization rate of reference building
TypeCondition
Cold sourceCOPHeat sourceRated thermal efficiency/COPOperating parameters
1Ground source heat pump unit3.8Ground source heat pump unit3.8Providing 7/12°C cold water in summer and 50/40°C hot water in winter.
4.14.1
4.44.4
2Water-cooled chiller3.8Gas-fired boiler88%Providing 7/12°C cold water in summer and 80/60°C hot water in winter.
4.190%
4.492%
3Water-cooled chiller3.8District heating network (coal-fired boiler)73%Providing 7/12°C cold water in summer and 80/60°C hot water in winter. Efficiency of heat-supply network being 90%.
4.176%
4.479%
4Direct-fired liBr absorption cold and hot water chiller1.1Direct-fired liBr absorption cold and hot water chiller0.9Providing 7/12°C cold water in summer and 60/50°C hot water in winter.
1.31.1
1.41.2
5Multi-connected air-condition heat pump unit2.8Multi-connected air-condition heat pump unit2.8—
33
3.23.2
Tab.6  Operation benchmark simulation conditions of reference building
Fig.1  Operation benchmark simulation results of reference building
Energy performance levelC
1C≥1.2
21≤C<1.2
3C<1
Tab.7  Energy performance levels
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