Thermal reffusivity: uncovering phonon behavior, structural defects, and domain size

doi:10.1007/s11708-018-0520-z

Front. Energy

2018, Vol. 12

Issue (1) : 143-157 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-018-0520-z

REVIEW ARTICLE

Thermal reffusivity: uncovering phonon behavior, structural defects, and domain size

Yangsu XIE¹, Bowen ZHU², Jing LIU², Zaoli XU², Xinwei WANG²(

)

¹. College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
². Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2025 Black Engineering Building, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA

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Abstract

To understand the relation between different nanostructures and thermal properties, a simple yet effective model is in demand for characterizing the underlying phonons and electrons scattering mechanisms. Herein, we make a systematic review on the newly developed thermal reffusivity theory. Like electrical resistivity which has been historically used as a theory for analyzing structural domain size and defect levels of metals, the thermal reffusivity can also uncover phonon behavior, structure defects and domain size of materials. We highlight that this new theory can be used for not only metals, but also nonmetals, even for amorphous materials. From the thermal reffusivity against temperature curves, the Debye temperature of the material and the ideal thermal diffusivity of single perfect crystal can be evaluated. From the residual thermal reffusivity at the 0 K limit, the structural thermal domain (STD) size of crystalline and amorphous materials can be obtained. The difference of white hair and normal black hair from heat conduction perspective is reported for the first time. Loss of melanin results in a worse thermal protection and a larger STD size in the white hair. By reviewing the different variation of thermal reffusivity against decreasing temperature profiles, we conclude that they reflected the structural connection in the materials. Ultimately, the future application of thermal reffusivity theory in studying 2D materials and amorphous materials is discussed.

Keywords thermal reffusivity theory phonon behavior structure defects structural thermal domain (STD) size 2D material amorphous material

Corresponding Author(s): Xinwei WANG

Online First Date: 05 January 2018 Issue Date: 08 March 2018

Cite this article:

Yangsu XIE,Bowen ZHU,Jing LIU, et al. Thermal reffusivity: uncovering phonon behavior, structural defects, and domain size[J]. Front. Energy, 2018, 12(1): 143-157.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fie/EN/10.1007/s11708-018-0520-z
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fie/EN/Y2018/V12/I1/143

Fig.1 The r_e-T profile of nanoscale metal and compared with that of bulk metal from RT down to 10 K

Fig.2 The k-T and Q-T curve of silver nanowire and compared with that of bulk silver

Fig.3 Thermal reffusivity against temperature profile

Fig.4 Thermal reffusivity of crystalline ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers (The residual thermal reffusivity was determined to be 3.95 × 10⁴ and 3.30 × 10⁴ s/m² for the two samples denoted as S1 and S2 respectively [16]. Adapted with permission from Liu J et al., Acs Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2015. 7(49): 27279-27288. Copyright (2015) American Chemical Society.)

Fig.5 The XRD and low-temperature thermal reffusivity of high-quality GP for extracting crystallite size

Tab.1 The annealing effect on the structural domain size of carbon fibers. Summarization and comparison of electrical resistance, thermal conductivity/diffusivity at RT, residual thermal diffusivity and STD size [20]. (Reprinted from Carbon, 121, Liu et al., Thermal conductivity and annealing effect on structure of lignin-based microscale carbon fibers, 35–47., Copyright (2017), with permission from Elsevier.)

Fig.6 SEM image of l-DNA nanofiber and its thermal reffusivity against temperature

Fig.7 The SEM images and the thermal reffusivity profile of human hair

Fig.8 XRD pattern for human black hair (About 30 hair strands are aligned as a thin film for XRD characterization. The domain size, denoted as crystallite in the figure, is extracted from the width of the peak at 21.445°.)

Fig.9 Thermal reffusivity against temperature profiles

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