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Frontiers in Energy

ISSN 2095-1701

ISSN 2095-1698(Online)

CN 11-6017/TK

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Front. Energy    2019, Vol. 13 Issue (1) : 54-63    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-018-0606-7
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Performance analysis of cogeneration systems based on micro gas turbine (MGT), organic Rankine cycle and ejector refrigeration cycle
Zemin BO1, Kai ZHANG1, Peijie SUN2, Xiaojing LV1, Yiwu WENG1()
1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
2. Aerospace System Engineering Shanghai, Shanghai 200240, China
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Abstract

In this paper, the operation performance of three novel kinds of cogeneration systems under design and off-design condition was investigated. The systems are MGT (micro gas turbine) + ORC (organic Rankine cycle) for electricity demand, MGT+ ERC (ejector refrigeration cycle) for electricity and cooling demand, and MGT+ ORC+ ERC for electricity and cooling demand. The effect of 5 different working fluids on cogeneration systems was studied. The results show that under the design condition, when using R600 in the bottoming cycle, the MGT+ ORC system has the lowest total output of 117.1 kW with a thermal efficiency of 0.334, and the MGT+ ERC system has the largest total output of 142.6 kW with a thermal efficiency of 0.408. For the MGT+ ORC+ ERC system, the total output is between the other two systems, which is 129.3 kW with a thermal efficiency of 0.370. For the effect of different working fluids, R123 is the most suitable working fluid for MGT+ ORC with the maximum electricity output power and R600 is the most suitable working fluid for MGT+ ERC with the maximum cooling capacity, while both R600 and R123 can make MGT+ ORC+ ERC achieve a good comprehensive performance of refrigeration and electricity. The thermal efficiency of three cogeneration systems can be effectively improved under off-design condition because the bottoming cycle can compensate for the power decrease of MGT. The results obtained in this paper can provide a reference for the design and operation of the cogeneration system for distributed energy systems (DES).
Keywords cogeneration system      different working fluids      micro gas turbine (MGT)      organic Rankine cycle (ORC)      ejector refrigeration cycle (ERC)     
Corresponding Author(s): Yiwu WENG   
Online First Date: 14 January 2019    Issue Date: 20 March 2019
 Cite this article:   
Zemin BO,Kai ZHANG,Peijie SUN, et al. Performance analysis of cogeneration systems based on micro gas turbine (MGT), organic Rankine cycle and ejector refrigeration cycle[J]. Front. Energy, 2019, 13(1): 54-63.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fie/EN/10.1007/s11708-018-0606-7
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fie/EN/Y2019/V13/I1/54
Fig.1  Schematic diagram of three kinds of cogeneration systems
Fig.2  Schematic diagram of heat exchange process in the evaporator
Parameters Symbol Value
MGT output power WMGT/kW 100
MGT efficiency EffMGT 0.284
Air mass flow rate Ga/(kg?s–1) 0.76
Fuel mass flow rate Gf/(kg?s–1) 0.0076
Exhaust gas temperature T5/°C 300
Organic working fluid / R600
Minimum temperature
difference at Tpinch		 dTpinch,min/°C 20
Evaporation temperature Teva/°C 150
Condensation temperature Tcon/°C 40
Refrigeration evaporation
temperature		 TReva/°C 10
Super heating temperature dTg/°C 5
Turbine efficiency / 0.8
Tab.1  Design parameters for three cogeneration systems
Node MGT+ ORC MGT+ ERC MGT+ ORC+ ERC
T/°C P/kPa m/(kg?s–1) T/°C P/kPa m/(kg?s–1) T/°C P/kPa m/(kg?s–1)
1 252 450 0.76 (Air) 252 450 0.76 (Air) 252 450 0.76 (Air)
2 548 450 0.76 (Air) 548 450 0.76 (Air) 548 450 0.76 (Air)
3 863 450 0.76 (Air) 863 450 0.76 (Air) 863 450 0.76 (Air)
4 581 450 0.7676 (Gas) 581 450 0.7676 (Gas) 581 450 0.7676 (Gas)
5 300 101 0.7676 (Gas) 300 101 0.7676 (Gas) 300 101 0.7676 (Gas)
6 106 101 0.7676 (Gas) 106 101 0.7676 (Gas) 106 101 0.7676 (Gas)
7 41.6 3674.6 0.29 (Liquid) 41.6 3674.6 0.29 (Liquid) 41.6 3674.6 0.29 (Liquid)
8 155 3674.6 0.29 (Vapor) 155 3674.6 0.29 (Vapor) 155 3674.6 0.29 (Vapor)
9 / / / / / / 122.2 2054.4 0.29 (Vapor)
10 72.3 434.2 0.29 (Vapor) 84.2 434.2 0.40 (Vapor) 84.2 434.2 0.36 (Vapor)
11 40 434.2 0.29 (Liquid) 40 434.2 0.40 (Liquid) 40 434.2 0.36 (Liquid)
12 / / / 10 148.5 0.11 (Liquid) 10 148.5 0.07 (Liquid)
13 / / / 15 148.5 0.11 (Vapor) 15 148.5 0.07 (Vapor)
14 / / / 12 101 1.82 (Water) 12 101 1.16 (Water)
15 / / / 17 101 1.82 (Water) 17 101 1.16 (Water)
16 30 101 6.26 (Water) 30 101 9.15 (Water) 30 101 8.24 (Water)
17 35 101 6.26 (water) 35 101 9.15 (water) 35 101 8.24 (water)
Tab.2  Thermodynamic parameters of typical nodes in three cogeneration systems

(R600 used in the bottoming cycle)

Parameters Symbol MGT+ ORC MGT+ ERC MGT+ ORC+ ERC
Output power
of ORC		 WORC/kW 17.1 / 5.2
Efficiency of
ORC		 EffORC 0.124 / 0.038
Refrigeration
cooling capacity		 Qcooling/kW / 42.6 24.1
Ejector coefficient u / 0.38 0.242
Total output Wtotal/kW 117.1 142.6 129.3
Total thermal
efficiency		 Efftotal 0.334 0.408 0.370
Tab.3  Performance parameters of three cogeneration systems under design condition
Systems Parameters R600 R123 R245fa R601a R600a
ORC Teva/°C 150 180 150 185 130
mwf/(kg?s–1) 0.29 0.60 0.56 0.25 0.34
WORC/kW 17.1 20.9 17.2 20.0 14.7
EffORC 0.124 0.152 0.125 0.145 0.107
MGT+ ORC Wtotal/kW 117.1 120.9 117.2 120.0 114.7
Efftotal 0.334 0.345 0.335 0.343 0.328
Tab.4  Performance parameters of MGT+ ORC for different working fluids

(WMGT = 100 kW EffMGT = 0.284)

Systems Parameter R600 R123 R245fa R601a R600a
ERC Teva/°C 150 180 150 185 130
mwf/(kg?s–1) 0.29 0.60 0.56 0.25 0.34
mej/(kg?s–1) 0.11 0.20 0.16 0.10 0.11
Qcooling/kW 42.6 38.7 32.1 38.4 39.4
u 0.38 0.34 0.28 0.40 0.33
MGT+ ERC Wtotal/kW 142.6 138.7 132.1 138.4 139.4
Efftotal 0.408 0.396 0.378 0.395 0.398
Tab.5  Performance parameters of MGT+ ERC for different working fluids

(WMGT = 100 kW EffMGT = 0.284)

Systems Parameter R600 R123 R245fa R601a R600a
ORC Teva/°C 150 180 150 185 130
mwf/(kg?s–1) 0.29 0.60 0.56 0.25 0.34
WORC/kW 5.2 6.4 5.3 5.2 5.3
ERC mej/(kg?s–1) 0.070 0.151 0.097 0.073 0.064
Qcooling/kW 24.1 23.3 17.0 23.6 19.3
u 0.242 0.252 0.173 0.291 0.187
MGT+ ORC+ ERC Wtotal/kW 129.3 129.7 122.3 128.8 124.6
Efftotal 0.370 0.371 0.349 0.368 0.356
Tab.6  Performance parameters of MGT+ ORC+ ERC for different working fluids

(WMGT = 100 kW EffMGT = 0.284)

Cogeneration systems Parameters R600 R123 R245fa R601a R600a
MGT+ ORC Wtotal/kW 117.1 120.9 117.2 120.0 114.7
Efftotal 0.334 0.345 0.335 0.343 0.328
MGT+ ERC Wtotal/kW 142.6 138.7 132.1 138.4 139.4
Efftotal 0.408 0.396 0.378 0.395 0.398
MGT+ ORC+ ERC Wtotal/kW 129.3 129.7 122.3 128.8 124.6
Efftotal 0.370 0.371 0.349 0.368 0.356
Tab.7  Performance comparison of the three cogeneration systems
Fig.3  Variation of ORC output power, fuel gas mass flow rate and exhaust gas temperature of MGT
Fig.4  Variation of total output power, thermal efficiency and ORC efficiency contribution of MGT+ ORC cogeneration system
Fig.5  Variation of ERC cooling capacity, fuel gas mass flow rate and exhaust gas temperature of MGT
Fig.6  Variation of total output, thermal efficiency and ERC efficiency contribution of MGT+ ERC cogeneration system
Fig.7  Variation of ORC+ ERC total output, fuel gas mass flow rate and exhaust gas temperature of MGT
Fig.8  Variation of total output, thermal efficiency and ORC+ ERC efficiency contribution of MGT+ ORC+ ERC cogeneration system
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