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Frontiers in Energy

ISSN 2095-1701

ISSN 2095-1698(Online)

CN 11-6017/TK

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Front. Energy    2022, Vol. 16 Issue (6) : 943-955    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-021-0793-5
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Analysis and stabilization control of a voltage source controlled wind farm under weak grid conditions
Shun SANG1, Chen ZHANG2(), Jianwen ZHANG2, Gang SHI2, Fujin DENG3
1. School of Electrical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
2. Key Laboratory of Control of Power Transmission and Conversion of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
3. School of Electrical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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Abstract

This paper investigates and discusses the interaction stability issues of a wind farm with weak grid connections, where the wind turbines (WTs) are controlled by a new type of converter control strategy referred to as the voltage source (VS) control. The primary intention of the VS control method is to achieve the high-quality inertial response capability of a single WT. However, when it is applied to multiple WTs within a wind farm, its weak-grid performance regarding the stability remains concealed and needs to be clarified. To this end, a frequency domain model of the wind farm under the VS control is first developed. Based on this model and the application of a stability margin quantification index, not only the interactions between the wind farm and the weak grid but also those among WTs will be systematically assessed in this paper. A crucial finding is that the inertial response of VS control has negative impacts on the stability margin of the system, and the dominant instability mode is more related to the interactions among the WTs rather than the typical grid-wind farm interaction. Based on this knowledge, a stabilization control strategy is then proposed, aiming for stability improvements of VS control while fulfilling the demand of inertial responses. Finally, all the results are verified by time-domain simulations in power systems computer aided design/electromagnetic transients including DC(PSCAD/EMTDC).
Keywords weak grids      voltage source (VS) control      wind turbine (WT)      stabilization control      wind farm      inertial response     
Corresponding Author(s): Chen ZHANG   
Online First Date: 21 December 2021    Issue Date: 17 January 2023
 Cite this article:   
Shun SANG,Chen ZHANG,Jianwen ZHANG, et al. Analysis and stabilization control of a voltage source controlled wind farm under weak grid conditions[J]. Front. Energy, 2022, 16(6): 943-955.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fie/EN/10.1007/s11708-021-0793-5
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fie/EN/Y2022/V16/I6/943
Fig.1  Control structure of voltage-source-controlled WT.
Fig.2  Topological structure of the VS controlled wind farm under study.
Fig.3  Linearized model of the output impedance of WT with VS control.
Fig.4  Diagram of the wind farm subsystem and the grid subsystem.
Fig.5  Diagram of the subsystem of WT WT13 and the subsystem of the remaining WTs and the grid.
Fig.6  Equivalent circuit diagram for analyzing the stability of the grid-connected wind farm system.
Symbol Description Value
SB Base power value/MW 2
UB Base value of AC phase voltage/kV 0.563
UdcB Base value of DC-link voltage/kV 1.1
ωBm Base value of stator angular frequency/(rad·s−1) 84.6
ωBg Base value of grid angular frequency/(rad·s−1) 314
fN Rated frequency of PMSG/Hz 13.47
P Pole pairs of PMSG 42
ψr Magnetic flux linkage of rotor/(p.u.) 0.896
Ls Synchronous inductance of PMSG/(p.u.) 0.5495
Rs Stator resistance of PMSG/(p.u.) 0.00387
HWT Inertia constant of WT and PMSG/s 4
HC Inertia time constant of DC-link capacitor/ms 3.6
udc0 steady-state DC-link voltage/(p.u.) 1.0
eg Equivalent grid phase voltage/(p.u.) 1.0
fs Switching frequency/kHz 2
Tab.1  Electrical parameters of a 2 MW WT
Symbol Description Value
T Filter time constant/s 0.1
kpc Proportional gain of MSC current controller 2.6
kic Integral gain of MSC current controller 520
kps Proportional gain of MSC power controller 0.05
kis Integral gain of MSC power controller 10
Tab.2  Control parameters of a 2 MW WT
Fig.7  Damping ratios ζ1, ζ2, ζ versus KC with no stabilization control method.
Fig.8  Control block diagram of stabilization method in MSC.
Fig.9  Vector diagram of −Δ P‾ m2 with stabilization control in MSC.
Fig.10  Curve of the damping ratio ζ with the change of KC.
Fig.11  Curve of the damping ratio ζ with the change of KC after adding the comprehensive stabilization control.
Fig.12  Three-dimensional damping ratio diagram ζ with the change of KC, n and kSCR
Fig.13  Simulation waveforms when increasing KC without stabilization control.
Fig.14  Simulation waveforms when increasing KC after adding comprehensive stabilization control.
Fig.15  Simulation waveforms of the inertial response of the wind farm after adding the comprehensive stabilization control.
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