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Frontiers in Energy

ISSN 2095-1701

ISSN 2095-1698(Online)

CN 11-6017/TK

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2018 Impact Factor: 1.701

Front. Energy    2024, Vol. 18 Issue (5) : 583-610    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-024-0945-5
Scientometric analysis of research trends on solid oxide electrolysis cells for green hydrogen and syngas production
Shimeng Kang1, Zehua Pan1(), Jinjie Guo1, Yexin Zhou1(), Jingyi Wang1(), Liangdong Fan2, Chunhua Zheng3, Suk Won Cha4, Zheng Zhong1
1. School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
2. Department of New Energy Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
3. Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Abstract

Solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) is a promising water electrolysis technology that produces hydrogen or syngas through water electrolysis or water and carbon dioxide co-electrolysis. Green hydrogen or syngas can be produced by SOEC with renewable energy. Thus, SOEC has attracted continuous attention in recent years for the urgency of developing environmentally friendly energy sources and achieving carbon neutrality. Focusing on 1276 related articles retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) database, the historical development of SOECs are depicted from 1983 to 2023 in this paper. The co-occurrence networks of the countries, source journals, and author keywords are generated. Moreover, three main clusters showing different content of the SOEC research are identified and analyzed. Furthermore, the scientometric analysis and the content of the high-cited articles of the research of different topics of SOECs: fuel electrode, air electrode, electrolyte, co-electrolysis, proton-conducting SOECs, and the modeling of SOECs are also presented. The results show that co-electrolysis and proton-conducting SOECs are two popular directions in the study of SOECs. This paper provides a straightforward reference for researchers interested in the field of SOEC research, helping them navigate the landscape of this area of study, locate potential partners, secure funding, discover influential scholars, identify leading countries, and access key research publications.

Keywords solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC)      scientometric review      knowledge network      material development      H2O–CO2 co-electrolysis      modeling     
Corresponding Author(s): Zehua Pan,Yexin Zhou,Jingyi Wang   
Online First Date: 06 May 2024    Issue Date: 16 October 2024
 Cite this article:   
Shimeng Kang,Zehua Pan,Jinjie Guo, et al. Scientometric analysis of research trends on solid oxide electrolysis cells for green hydrogen and syngas production[J]. Front. Energy, 2024, 18(5): 583-610.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fie/EN/10.1007/s11708-024-0945-5
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fie/EN/Y2024/V18/I5/583
Title Authors Year Sourse
Water electrolysis toward elevated temperature: Advances, challenges and frontiers Zhang et al. [41] 2023 Chemical Reviews
Advances and challenges in symmetric solid oxide electrolysis cells: Materials development and resource utilization Gu et al. [55] 2023 Materials Chemistry Frontiers
A comprehensive review of recent progresses in cathode materials for proton-conducting SOFCs Gao et al. [47] 2023 Energy Reviews
Protonic ceramic electrochemical cells for synthesizing sustainable chemicals and fuels Liu et al. [60] 2023 Advanced Science
Progress and potential for symmetric solid oxide electrolysis cells Tian et al. [56] 2022 Matter
A review of solid oxide steam-electrolysis cell systems: Thermodynamics and thermal integration Min et al. [18] 2022 Applied Energy (AE)
Analysis of solid oxide fuel and electrolysis cells operated in a real-system environment: State-of-the-health diagnostic, failure modes, degradation mitigation and performance regeneration Subotic et al. [42] 2022 Progress in Energy and Combustion Science
Electrochemical conversion of C1 molecules to sustainable fuels in solid oxide electrolysis cells Lv et al. [53] 2022 Chinese Journal of Catalysis
Alternative and innovative solid oxide electrolysis cell materials: A short review Nechache et al. [43] 2021 Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews (RSER)
A review on cathode processes and materials for electro-reduction of carbon dioxide in solid oxide electrolysis cells Jiang et al. [44] 2021 Journal of Power Sources (JPS)
High-temperature electrocatalysis and key materials in solid oxide electrolysis cells Ye & Xie [46] 2021 Journal of Energy Chemistry (JEC)
Air electrodes and related degradation mechanisms in solid oxide electrolysis and reversible solid oxide cells Khan et al. [48] 2021 RSER
Recent advances and perspectives of fluorite and perovskite-based dual-ion conducting solid oxide fuel cells Cao et al. [45] 2021 JEC
Advancing the multiscale understanding on solid oxide electrolysis cells via modeling approaches: A review Li et al. [51] 2021 RSER
Recent advances in solid oxide cell technology for electrolysis Hauch et al. [37] 2020 Science
Review—Electrochemical CO2 reduction for CO production: Comparison of low- and high-temperature electrolysis technologies Kungas [52] 2020 Journal of the Electrochemical Society (JES)
Degradation of solid oxide electrolysis cells: Phenomena, mechanisms, and emerging mitigation strategies—A review Wang et al. [49] 2020 Journal of Materials Science & Technology
Surface segregation in solid oxide cell oxygen electrodes: Phenomena, mitigation strategies and electrochemical properties Chen & Jiang [50] 2020 Electrochemical Energy Reviews (EER)
Progress in metal-supported solid oxide electrolysis cells: A review Tucker [57] 2020 International Journal of Hydrogen Energy (IJHE)
High-temperature CO2 electrolysis in solid oxide electrolysis cells: Developments, challenges, and prospects Song et al. [54] 2019 Advanced Materials
Progress report on proton conducting solid oxide electrolysis cells Lei et al. [58] 2019 Advanced Functional Materials (AFM)
Trends in research and development of protonic ceramic electrolysis cells Medvedev [59] 2019 IJHE
Tab.1  List of review artiles published within the past 5 years
Fig.1  Number of annual publications of research related to SOECs from the first demonstration in 1986 till date (2023).
Source journal Documents Citations Avg. citations Total link strength
JES 57 2522 44.2 994
JPS 133 5512 41.4 2030
Solid State Ionics (SSI) 31 1177 38.0 440
IJHE 197 6878 34.9 1880
Journal of Materials Chemistry A (JMCA) 46 1564 34.0 594
Energy 18 595 33.1 126
JEC 14 454 32.4 258
Applied Catalysis B-Environmental 11 353 32.1 158
Electrochemistry Communications 10 302 30.2 154
Faraday Discussions 11 296 26.9 160
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 15 398 26.5 252
AE 28 731 26.1 280
Electrochimica Acta 39 764 19.6 499
Chemical Engineering Journal (CEJ) 15 275 18.3 218
Fuel Cells 39 687 17.6 467
Journal of Alloys and Compounds 12 174 14.5 70
Energy Conversion and Management (ECM) 34 489 14.4 224
JCU 14 174 12.4 188
Ceramics International 29 264 9.1 184
Tab.2  An elaborate summary of the metrics of top influential research journals in SOECs ranked by average citations
Fig.2  Analyses of source journals in the field of SOECs.
Fig.3  Analyses of countries in the field of SOECs.
Fig.4  Subject areas of SOECs.
Keyword Occurrences Total link strength Cluster
Clussolid oxide electrolysis cell 616 535 Yellow
Solid oxide fuel cell 139 128 Brown
Hydrogen production 110 106 Red
Electrolysis 60 56 Red
Co-electrolysis 52 49 Brown
CO2 electrolysis 50 44 Orange
Degradation 49 48 Dark blue
Steam electrolysis 43 39 Green
Oxygen electrode 40 40 Green
Hydrogen 36 35 Red
Carbon dioxide 34 33 Purple
Perovskite 33 29 Light blue
High temperature electrolysis 31 30 Brown
CO2 reduction 29 27 Purple
Electrochemical performance 29 27 Yellow
Cathode 28 27 Yellow
Stability 28 28 Green
High temperature steam electrolysis 26 25 Red
Stack 24 23 Dark blue
Solid oxide electrolyser 23 22 Red
Tab.3  Predominantly utilized used keywords in the research of SOECs
Fig.5  Co-occurrence network of frequently used keywords in articles related to SOECs.
Fig.6  Different clusters in co-occurrence network of keywords.
Fig.7  Average publication years of the keywords in the research of SOECs.
Title Authors Year Source Journal Total citations Average citations per year
Eliminating degradation in solid oxide electrochemical cells by reversible operation Graves et al. [72] 2015 Nature Materials 353 39.22
Electrolysis of carbon dioxide in solid oxide electrolysis cells Ebbesen & Mogensen [86] 2009 JPS 396 26.4
Hybrid-solid oxide electrolysis cell: A new strategy for efficient hydrogen production Kim et al. [87] 2018 Nano Energy 154 25.67
Co-electrolysis of CO2 and H2O in solid oxide cells: Performance and durability Graves et al. [73] 2011 SSI 327 25.15
In situ exsolved FeNi3 nanoparticles on nickel doped Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.5O6–δ perovskite for efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction Lv et al. [79] 2019 JMCA 116 23.2
Highly stable and efficient catalyst with in situ exsolved Fe–Ni alloy nanospheres socketed on an oxygen deficient perovskite for direct CO2 electrolysis Liu et al. [80] 2016 ACS Catalysis 177 22.13
Large-scale electricity storage utilizing reversible solid oxide cells combined with underground storage of CO2 and CH4 Jensen et al. [88] 2015 Energy & Environmental Science (EES) 197 21.89
Enhancing CO2 electrolysis performance with vanadium-doped perovskite cathode in solid oxide electrolysis cell Zhou et al. [81] 2018 Nano Energy 129 21.5
Degradation phenomena in a solid oxide electrolysis cell after 9000 h of operation Tietz et al. [74] 2013 JPS 235 21.36
Perovskite oxyfluoride electrode enabling direct electrolyzing carbon dioxide with excellent electrochemical performances Li et al. [82] 2019 Advanced Energy Materials 105 21
Step-change in high temperature steam electrolysis performance of perovskite oxide cathodes with exsolution of B-site dopants Tsekouras et al. [83] 2013 EES 230 20.91
Multi-objective optimization and comparative performance analysis of hybrid biomass-based solid oxide fuel cell/solid oxide electrolyzer cell/gas turbine using different gasification agents Habibollahzade et al. [89] 2019 AE 103 20.6
New optimal design for a hybrid solar chimney, solid oxide electrolysis and fuel cell based on improved deer hunting optimization algorithm Tian et al. [90] 2020 Journal of Cleaner Production 78 19.5
Promoting exsolution of RuFe alloy nanoparticles on Sr2Fe1.4Ru0.1Mo0.5O6–δ via repeated redox manipulations for CO2 electrolysis Lv et al. [84] 2021 Nature Communications 56 18.67
Solid oxide electrolysis cells: Degradation at high current densities Knibbe et al. [75] 2010 JES 258 18.43
Comparison of microstructural evolution of fuel electrodes in solid oxide fuel cells and electrolysis cells Trini et al. [76] 2020 JPS 71 17.75
Thermodynamic assessment of a novel multi-generation solid oxide fuel cell-based system for production of electrical power, cooling, fresh water, and hydrogen Haghghi [91] 2019 ECM 82 16.4
In situ exsolved Co nanoparticles on Ruddlesden-Popper material as highly active catalyst for CO2 electrolysis to CO Park et al. [85] 2019 Applied Catalysis B-Environmental 81 16.2
Solid oxide electrolysis cells: Microstructure and degradation of the Ni/yttria-stabilized zirconia electrode Hauch et al. [77] 2008 JES 257 16.06
Ni/YSZ electrodes structures optimized for increased electrolysis performance and durability Hauch et al. [78] 2016 SSI 127 15.88
Tab.4  Top 20 highly-cited articles in terms of annual average citations per article in the field of SOECs
Topic Average publication year Average citations per article Annual average citations per article
Fuel electrode 2017.05 84.23 11.85
Air electrode 2014.14 78.71 8.14
Electrolyte 2015.20 76.80 8.75
Co-electrolysis 2015.42 96.46 11.01
Proton-conducting SOECs 2019.57 66.14 13.83
Modeling 2017.31 76.66 11.42
Tab.5  Average publication year and (annual) average citations per article of the top 10% of articles ranked by average annual citations from different research topics of SOECs
Term Occurrences Relevance score
Stability 63 0.76
Nanoparticle 45 0.71
Cathode material 38 0.81
Catalytic activity 37 0.9
Solid oxide fuel cell 35 1.61
Surface 35 1.07
Mode 30 1.49
Formation 29 0.85
Hydrogen electrode 28 1.51
YSZ 28 0.97
Microstructure 27 0.83
Perovskite 27 0.77
Technology 27 0.43
Development 25 1.50
Ni-YSZ 25 0.85
Oxygen vacancy 25 0.68
Zirconia 24 0.48
Electrocatalytic activity 23 0.89
Electrolysis performance 23 0.38
Oxide 23 1.01
Steam electrolysis 23 0.37
Tab.6  Most occurring terms in articles related to fuel electrode of SOECs
Fig.8  Co-occurrence network of the terms in the titles, abstracts, and keywords in articles related to fuel electrode of SOECs.
Fig.9  Average publication years of the terms in articles on fuel electrode of SOECs.
Term Occurrence Relevance score
Fuel cell 73 0.28
Analysis 48 0.99
Delamination 36 1.11
Electrolysis mode 30 0.25
Yttria 30 0.27
Formation 29 0.79
Interface 29 1.28
Mode 29 1.06
Polarization 29 1.42
SOEC mode 29 0.74
Surface 28 1.15
Solid oxide cell 27 0.70
Reversible solid oxide cell 25 0.99
Single cell 25 0.70
Steam electrolysis 24 0.41
Application 23 0.42
Nanoparticle 21 0.69
SOFC mode 21 1.28
Cathode 20 0.63
La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3–δ 19 0.28
Porosity 19 0.48
Tab.7  Most occurring terms in articles related to the air electrode of SOECs
Fig.10  Co-occurrence network of the terms appearing in articles related to the air electrode of SOECs.
Fig.11  Average publication years of the terms in articles on the air electrodes of SOECs.
Term Occurrences Relevance score
Fuel cell 32 0.14
Conductivity 29 0.51
Electrolysis 28 0.26
Zirconia 21 0.8
Degradation 17 0.79
Electrolysis mode 16 0.33
Addition 15 0.67
Property 15 0.71
Proton 15 1.07
YSZ electrolyte 15 0.79
Application 14 0.51
Atmosphere 14 0.77
Voltage 14 0.74
Microstructure 13 0.71
Technique 13 0.86
CO2 12 1.13
Electrolyte material 12 1.35
Value 12 0.33
Yttria 12 1.08
Air 11 0.46
CO2 electrolysis 11 0.9
Delamination 11 0.78
Increase 11 0.4
Tab.8  Top recurring terms in articles related to the electrolyte of SOECs
Fig.12  Co-occurrence of the terms in articles on the electrolyte of SOECs.
Fig.13  Average publication years of the terms in articles on the electrolyte of SOECs.
Term Occurrences Relevance score
Production 101 0.36
°C 100 0.59
Model 96 0.51
Efficiency 82 0.39
Electrode 79 1.11
System 65 0.92
Power 58 1.1
Technology 58 0.49
Fuel 52 0.6
Energy 50 0.48
Paper 50 0.84
Electrolyte 49 0.5
Electrochemical performance 44 0.94
Degradation 43 1.31
Hydrogen 41 0.35
Electricity 40 0.86
Increase 39 0.48
Pressure 39 0.56
Stability 35 0.73
Fuel electrode 34 1.24
Tab.9  Most occurring terms in articles related to co-electrolysis using SOECs
Fig.14  Co-occurrence of the terms in articles on co-electrolysis using SOECs.
Fig.15  Average publication years of the terms in articles on co-electrolysis using SOECs.
Term Occurrences Relevance score
Reaction 20 0.60
Fuel cell 20 0.39
Production 17 0.50
Process 15 0.76
Pressure 14 0.78
Atmosphere 13 0.83
Electrolyte material 12 0.77
Air electrode 11 0.86
Air 11 0.78
Rate 11 0.48
CO2 10 1.65
Conversion 10 1.43
Steam electrolysis 10 0.96
Cathode 9 1.32
H-SOEC 9 0.97
Proton conductivity 9 0.72
Oxygen electrode 8 1.00
Ceramic 8 0.83
mA/cm2 8 0.69
Electrochemical performance 8 0.68
Advantage 8 0.53
Tab.10  Most frequently occurring terms in articles related to proton-conducting SOECs
Fig.16  Co-occurrence of the terms in articles on proton-conducting SOECs.
Fig.17  Average publication years of the terms in articles on proton-conducting SOECs.
Term Occurrences Relevance score
Efficiency 125 0.34
System 118 0.58
Production 111 0.18
Electrode 90 1.70
Hydrogen 81 0.45
Energy 74 0.36
Technology 72 0.36
Solid oxide fuel cell 71 0.54
°C 68 0.48
Power 67 0.74
Voltage 56 0.41
Mechanism 55 1.30
Cathode 52 0.50
Electricity 50 0.60
Distribution 49 0.69
Cost 45 1.32
Concentration 42 0.77
Solid oxide cell 41 0.75
Heat 40 0.84
Increase 40 0.76
Storage 40 0.52
Tab.11  Most occurring terms in articles related to modeling of SOECs
Fig.18  Co-occurrence of the terms in articles on modeling of SOECs.
Fig.19  Average publication years of the terms in articles on modeling of SOECs.
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