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Frontiers of Medicine

ISSN 2095-0217

ISSN 2095-0225(Online)

CN 11-5983/R

Postal Subscription Code 80-967

2018 Impact Factor: 1.847

Front. Med.    2020, Vol. 14 Issue (6) : 816-819    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-020-0823-4
PERSPECTIVE
Persistence of humoral and cellular immune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection: opportunities and challenges
Tangchun Wu()
School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Corresponding Author(s): Tangchun Wu   
Just Accepted Date: 09 October 2020   Online First Date: 23 October 2020    Issue Date: 24 December 2020
 Cite this article:   
Tangchun Wu. Persistence of humoral and cellular immune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection: opportunities and challenges[J]. Front. Med., 2020, 14(6): 816-819.
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https://academic.hep.com.cn/fmd/EN/10.1007/s11684-020-0823-4
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fmd/EN/Y2020/V14/I6/816
Author Study type Study participants Time after symptom onset ?or after diagnosis Antibody Key findings
To et al. [18]
March, 2020
Cohort study N = 23 (13 mild cases, ?10 severe cases)
Hong Kong, China
Within 1 month Anti-NP IgM (EIA)
Anti-NP IgG (EIA)
Anti-RBD IgG (EIA)
Anti-RBD IgM (EIA)
An increase was noted in IgG or IgM ?antibody levels against NP or RBD at ?10 days or later after symptom onset
Long et al. [9]
April, 2020
Cohort study N = 285 (246 non-severe ?cases, 39 severe cases)
Chongqing, China
Within 3 weeks IgM (MCLIA)
IgG (MCLIA)
IgM and IgG increased during the first ?3 weeks after symptom onset
IgM decreased after 3 weeks
Wang et al. [17]
June, 2020
Cohort study N = 70 (66 non-severe ?cases, 4 severe cases)
Beijing, China
Within 3 months Antibody (ELISA)
Neutralizing antibody ?(by a modified ?cytopathogenic assay)
Antibody (ELISA) levels and neutralizing ?antibodies peaked on day 31–40 since ?symptom onset, and then decreased slightly
Long et al. [15]
June, 2020
Cohort study N = 74 (37 asymptomatic ?cases, 37 symptomatic ?cases)
Chongqing, China
Within 2–3 months IgG (MCLIA)
Neutralizing antibody ?(pseudovirus neutralization ?assay)
IgG and neutralizing antibodies decreased ?within 2–3 months after infection
Ibarrondo et al. [8]
July, 2020
Cohort study N = 34 (30 confirmed ?cases, 4 close contacts)
USA
Within 4 months IgG (ELISA) IgG decreased rapidly during the observation ?period
Wu et al. [16]
August, 2020
Cohort study N = 175 (175 mild ?cases)
Shanghai, China
Within 1 month Neutralizing antibody (viral ?cytopathology neutralization ?assay) Neutralizing antibodies were detected in ?patients from day 4 to 6 and reached peak ?levels from day 10 to 15 after disease onset
Gudbjartsson et al. [7]
September, 2020
Cohort study N = 487 (487 recovered ?patients with two or ?more serum samples)
Iceland
Within 4 months IgM anti-N (ELISA)
IgG anti-N (ELISA)
IgA anti-S1 (ELISA)
IgG anti-S1 (ELISA)
Pan-Ig anti-N (ECLIA)
Pan-Ig anti–S1-RBD ?(ELISA)
Antiviral antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 did ?not decline within 4 months after diagnosis
Tan et al. [6]
September, 2020
Retrospective study N = 64 (15 cases at 2 weeks ?to 1 month, 20 cases at ?1–2 month, 17 cases at ?6–8 months, 12 healthy ?donors)
Shanghai, China
Within 6-7 months S-protein IgG (ELISA)
N-protein IgG (ELISA)
Neutralizing antibody ?(pseudovirus neutralization assay)
T cell response (the interferon-g ?producing CD4+ T cells and CD8+ ?T cells)
IgG and neutralizing antibodies were ?detectable at 6-7 months after diagnosis
No difference in blocking the cell-entry of ?the 614D and 614G variants of SARS-CoV-?2 by neutralizing activities
Interferon g-producing CD4+ and CD8+ ?cells increased in response to SARS-CoV-2 ?antigen stimulation as compared with non-?stimulated samples at 6–7 months
Tab.1  Summary of studies on the dynamics of antibody response after SARS-CoV-2 infection
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7 DF Gudbjartsson, GL Norddahl, P Melsted, K Gunnarsdottir, H Holm, E Eythorsson, AO Arnthorsson, D Helgason, K Bjarnadottir, RF Ingvarsson, B Thorsteinsdottir, S Kristjansdottir, K Birgisdottir, AM Kristinsdottir, MI Sigurdsson, GA Arnadottir, EV Ivarsdottir, M Andresdottir, F Jonsson, AB Agustsdottir, J Berglund, B Eiriksdottir, R Fridriksdottir, EE Gardarsdottir, M Gottfredsson, OS Gretarsdottir, S Gudmundsdottir, KR Gudmundsson, TR Gunnarsdottir, A Gylfason, A Helgason, BO Jensson, A Jonasdottir, H Jonsson, T Kristjansson, KG Kristinsson, DN Magnusdottir, OT Magnusson, LB Olafsdottir, S, Rognvaldsson L le Roux, G, Sigmundsdottir A Sigurdsson, G Sveinbjornsson, KE Sveinsdottir, M, Sveinsdottir EA Thorarensen, B Thorbjornsson, M Thordardottir, J Saemundsdottir, SH Kristjansson, KS Josefsdottir, G Masson, G Georgsson, M Kristjansson, A Moller, R Palsson, T Gudnason, U Thorsteinsdottir, I Jonsdottir, P Sulem, K Stefansson. Humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in Iceland. N Engl J Med 2020 Sep 1. [Epub ahead of print] doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2026116
https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2026116 pmid: 32871063
8 FJ Ibarrondo, JA Fulcher, D Goodman-Meza, J Elliott, C Hofmann, MA Hausner, KG Ferbas, NH Tobin, GM Aldrovandi, OO Yang. Rapid decay of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in persons with mild Covid-19. N Engl J Med 2020; 383(11): 1085–1087
pmid: 32706954
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