Atypical pituitary hormone–target tissue axis

doi:10.1007/s11684-022-0973-7

Front. Med.

2023, Vol. 17

Issue (1) : 1-17 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-022-0973-7

REVIEW

Atypical pituitary hormone–target tissue axis

Chao Xu^1,², Zhao He^1,², Yongfeng Song^1,², Shanshan Shao^1,², Guang Yang³(

), Jiajun Zhao^1,²(

)

¹. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
². Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
³. Beijing Institute of Tropical Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China

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Abstract

A long-held belief is that pituitary hormones bind to their cognate receptors in classical target glands to actuate their manifold functions. However, a number of studies have shown that multiple types of pituitary hormone receptors are widely expressed in non-classical target organs. Each pituitary gland-derived hormone exhibits a wide range of nonconventional biological effects in these non-classical target organs. Herein, the extra biological functions of pituitary hormones, thyroid-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, and prolactin when they act on non-classical organs were summarized, defined by the novel concept of an “atypical pituitary hormone–target tissue axis.” This novel proposal explains the pathomechanisms of abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism, obesity, hypertension, fatty liver, and atherosclerosis while offering a more comprehensive and systematic insights into the coordinated regulation of environmental factors, genetic factors, and neuroendocrine hormones on human biological functions. The continued exploration of the physiology of the “atypical pituitary hormone–target tissue axis” could enable the identification of novel therapeutic targets for metabolic diseases.

Keywords thyroid-stimulating hormone follicle-stimulating hormone luteinizing hormone adrenocorticotrophic hormone prolactin

Corresponding Author(s): Guang Yang,Jiajun Zhao

Just Accepted Date: 11 January 2023 Online First Date: 20 February 2023 Issue Date: 15 March 2023

Cite this article:

Chao Xu,Zhao He,Yongfeng Song, et al. Atypical pituitary hormone–target tissue axis[J]. Front. Med., 2023, 17(1): 1-17.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fmd/EN/10.1007/s11684-022-0973-7
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fmd/EN/Y2023/V17/I1/1

Fig.1 General schematic of “atypical pituitary hormone–target tissue axis.”

Fig.2 Schematic of the typical hypothalamus–pituitary–target tissue axis.

Fig.3 Pituitary TSH–target tissue axis.

Fig.4 Pituitary FSH–target tissue axis.

Fig.5 Pituitary LH–target tissue axis.

Fig.6 Pituitary ACTH–target tissue axis.

Fig.7 Pituitary PRL–target tissue axis.

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