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Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering

ISSN 2095-0233

ISSN 2095-0241(Online)

CN 11-5984/TH

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Front. Mech. Eng.    2014, Vol. 9 Issue (3) : 203-217    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11465-014-0308-8
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Eco-innovative design approach: Integrating quality and environmental aspects in prioritizing and solving engineering problems
Mahmoud CHAKROUN1(), Grigore GOGU1, Thomas PACAUD2, François THIRION2
1. Institut Pascal, Campus de Clermont-Ferrand/les Cézeaux, Aubière 63175, France
2. Irstea-UR TSCF-Domaine des Palaquins, Montoldre 03150, France
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Abstract

This study proposes an eco-innovative design process taking into consideration quality and environmental aspects in prioritizing and solving technical engineering problems. This approach provides a synergy between the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), the non-quality matrix, the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ), morphological analysis and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). In the sequence of these tools, LCA assesses the environmental impacts generated by the system. Then, for a better consideration of environmental aspects, a new tool is developed, the non-quality matrix, which defines the problem to be solved first from an environmental point of view. The TRIZ method allows the generation of new concepts and contradiction resolution. Then, the morphological analysis offers the possibility of extending the search space of solutions in a design problem in a systematic way. Finally, the AHP identifies the promising solution(s) by providing a clear logic for the choice made. Their usefulness has been demonstrated through their application to a case study involving a centrifugal spreader with spinning discs.
Keywords eco-innovation      non-quality matrix      TRIZ      composted product spreading     
Corresponding Author(s): Mahmoud CHAKROUN   
Issue Date: 10 October 2014
 Cite this article:   
Mahmoud CHAKROUN,Grigore GOGU,Thomas PACAUD, et al. Eco-innovative design approach: Integrating quality and environmental aspects in prioritizing and solving engineering problems[J]. Front. Mech. Eng., 2014, 9(3): 203-217.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fme/EN/10.1007/s11465-014-0308-8
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fme/EN/Y2014/V9/I3/203
Fig.1  Flowchart of eco-innovative design process
Fig.2  Impact identification approach
Fig.3  Non-quality matrix
Environmental impacts j Environmental impacts j
Non-quality modes i . j .
. .
i . αij .
. . . .
Tab.1  Non-quality matrix I: Relationship between the non-quality modes and the environmental impacts
Non-quality modes i
Identified problems k . i .
. . . .
k . βki .
. . . .
Tab.2  Non-quality matrix II: Relationship between the identified problems and the non-quality modes
Identified problems k
Environmental impacts j . k .
. .
j . γj k=∑i=1I βkiα ij .
. .
Weighting wk
Relative weighting/% . wk* .
Tab.3  Non-quality matrix III: Relationship between the environmental impacts and the identified problems
Fig.4  The TRIZ principle
Fig.5  Proposed approach for new concept generation
Fig.6  The spreader considered in the present study
Environmental impacts j
Life cycle phase Quality criteria Non-quality modes i Abiotic depletion (AD) Global warming (GW 1000) Ozone layer depletion (ODP) Human toxicity (HT) Fresh water aquatic ecotoxicity (FWAE) Marine aquatic ecotoxicity (MAE) Terrestrial ecotoxicity (TE) Photochemical oxidation (PO) Acidification (AP) Eutrophication (EP)
Use (spreading) Distribution Poor transversal distribution 3 3 1 5 1 5
Poor longitudinal distribution 3 3 1 5 1 5
Amount Excessive dose 3 3 1 5 1 5
Under dose
Crumbling Product not crumbled 1
Tab.4  Non-quality matrix I: Relationship between the non-quality modes and the environmental impacts
Non-quality modes i
Identified problems k Poor transversal distribution Poor longitudinal distribution Excessive dose Under dose Product not crumbled
Flow rate variation during time of discharge 1 5 3 3
Low quality of the spread pattern 5 3 3
Leakage (the product falls without going through spreading equipment) 1 1 1 1
Poor border spreading 1 1 1
Presence of big clods 5
Tab.5  Non-quality matrix II: relationship between the indentified problems and the non-quality modes
Identified problems k
Environmental impacts j Flow rate variation during time of discharge Low quality of the spread pattern Leakage Poor border spreading Presence of big clods
Abiotic depletion 0 0 0 0 0
Global warming 0 0 0 0 0
Ozone layer depletion 0 0 0 0 0
Human toxicity 27 24 9 6 0
Fresh water aquatic ecotoxicity 27 24 9 6 0
Marine aquatic ecotoxicity 9 8 3 2 0
Terrestrial ecotoxicity 45 40 15 10 0
Photochemical oxidation 0 0 0 0 0
Acidification 9 8 3 2 0
Eutrophication 45 40 15 10 5
Sum 162 144 54 36 5
Relative weighting wk*/% 34.7 30.8 11.6 7.7 1.1
Tab.6  Non-quality matrix III: relationship between the environmental impacts and the identified problems
Fig.7  Cause-effect model
Fig.8  Air shock concept
Subsystems Characteristics Configuration 1 Configuration 2
Air Departure The air exits on each side The air exits in the middle of the hopper
Sequence One by one Two by two
Tube Location On a portion of the hopper Through the hopper
Height At the top of the slope In the middle of the slope
Tab.7  
Fig.9  The AHP hierarchy scheme
Intensity of importance Definition
1 Equal importance
2 Equal to moderate importance
3 Moderate importance
4 Moderate to strong importance
5 Strong importance
6 Strong to very strong importance
7 Very strong importance
8 Very to extremely strong importance
9 Extreme importance
Tab.8  Scale for pairwise comparison
Main criteria Sub-criteria Weighting A B C D E CR
Environment Mass of the system 0.021 0.138 0.092 0.032 0.441 0.297 0.0508
Energy consumption 0.043 0.077 0.282 0.453 0.145 0.043 0.0485
Economic Cost 0.276 0.449 0.297 0.137 0.058 0.058 0.0212
Maintenance load 0.092 0.154 0.308 0.308 0.154 0.077 0.0000
Technique Adaptability 0.026 0.273 0.091 0.091 0.273 0.273 0.0000
Aggression resistance 0.048 0.250 0.125 0.125 0.250 0.250 0.0000
Manufacturability 0.048 0.260 0.138 0.082 0.260 0.260 0.0022
Pertinence 0.090 0.271 0.271 0.057 0.130 0.271 0.0013
Ergonomics and security Ease of use 0.089 0.141 0.141 0.248 0.141 0.330 0.0132
Ease of maintenance 0.034 0.250 0.125 0.125 0.250 0.250 0.0000
Safety 0.156 0.100 0.246 0.143 0.266 0.246 0.0125
Marketing Originality 0.032 0.158 0.158 0.298 0.089 0.298 0.0030
Patentability 0.011 0.273 0.273 0.273 0.091 0.091 0.0000
Reputational value 0.032 0.235 0.235 0.100 0.089 0.340 0.0326
Global priorities 0.253 0.235 0.168 0.158 0.185
Rank 1 2 4 5 3
Tab.9  Final results: Aggregation and global priorities
Fig.10  A compressed air tank
Fig.11  Pipes inside the case
Fig.12  Air shock effect on the discharge rate
Fig.13  Arch destruction in the hopper during discharge
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