Fabrication of scaffolds in tissue engineering: A review

doi:10.1007/s11465-018-0496-8

Front. Mech. Eng.

2018, Vol. 13

Issue (1) : 107-119 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11465-018-0496-8

REVIEW ARTICLE

Fabrication of scaffolds in tissue engineering: A review

Peng ZHAO¹, Haibing GU¹, Haoyang MI², Chengchen RAO¹, Jianzhong FU¹, Lih-sheng TURNG²(

)

¹. State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Hangzhou University, Zhejiang 310027, China; Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
². Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA

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Abstract

Tissue engineering (TE) is an integrated discipline that involves engineering and natural science in the development of biological materials to replace, repair, and improve the function of diseased or missing tissues. Traditional medical and surgical treatments have been reported to have side effects on patients caused by organ necrosis and tissue loss. However, engineered tissues and organs provide a new way to cure specific diseases. Scaffold fabrication is an important step in the TE process. This paper summarizes and reviews the widely used scaffold fabrication methods, including conventional methods, electrospinning, three-dimensional printing, and a combination of molding techniques. Furthermore, the differences among the properties of tissues, such as pore size and distribution, porosity, structure, and mechanical properties, are elucidated and critically reviewed. Some studies that combine two or more methods are also reviewed. Finally, this paper provides some guidance and suggestions for the future of scaffold fabrication.

Keywords tissue engineering scaffolds electrospinning 3D printing molding techniques conventional methods

Corresponding Author(s): Lih-sheng TURNG

Just Accepted Date: 08 November 2017 Online First Date: 26 December 2017 Issue Date: 23 January 2018

Cite this article:

Peng ZHAO,Haibing GU,Haoyang MI, et al. Fabrication of scaffolds in tissue engineering: A review[J]. Front. Mech. Eng., 2018, 13(1): 107-119.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fme/EN/10.1007/s11465-018-0496-8
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fme/EN/Y2018/V13/I1/107

Fig.1 Schematic of the electrospinning process

Fig.2 (a) Diagram of a collector setup for an ear; (b) 3D printed stainless steel mold; (c) product during electrospinning; (d) product after the electrospinning; (e) schematic diagram of a collector setup for knee menisci

Fig.3 (a) Diagram of 3D scaffolds formation; (b) SEM image of a mesh’s surface; (c) SEM image of a mesh’s cross-section; (d) SEM image of a highly ordered architecture mesh; (e) photograph of a highly ordered architecture mesh; (f) SEM image of a shish-kebab structure; (g) SEM image of a mineralized nanofiber

Fig.4 Diagram of bioprinting process and applications

Fig.5 (a) A TE scaffold library; (b) a controllable micro- and macro-structured 3D printing (3DP) scaffold

Fig.6 (a) Top view of the collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold fabricated with a 3D bioprinter (3D-C/H); (b) main view of the collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold fabricated with a 3D bioprinter (3D-C/H); (c) SEM image shows the morphology of the porous 3D-C/H scaffold; (d) partially enlarged SEM image of (c)

Fig.7 (a) Assembly schematic of a microcellular injection molding machine; (b) SEM image of a scaffold with large pores; (c) SEM image of a scaffold with small pores

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