Electromagnetic interference modeling and suppression techniques in variable-frequency drive systems

doi:10.1007/s11465-018-0466-1

Front. Mech. Eng.

2018, Vol. 13

Issue (3) : 329-353 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11465-018-0466-1

REVIEW ARTICLE

Electromagnetic interference modeling and suppression techniques in variable-frequency drive systems

Le YANG¹, Shuo WANG¹(

), Jianghua FENG²

¹. Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
². CRRC Zhuzhou Institute Co., Ltd., Zhuzhou 412001, China

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Abstract

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) causes electromechanical damage to the motors and degrades the reliability of variable-frequency drive (VFD) systems. Unlike fundamental frequency components in motor drive systems, high-frequency EMI noise, coupled with the parasitic parameters of the trough system, are difficult to analyze and reduce. In this article, EMI modeling techniques for different function units in a VFD system, including induction motors, motor bearings, and rectifier-inverters, are reviewed and evaluated in terms of applied frequency range, model parameterization, and model accuracy. The EMI models for the motors are categorized based on modeling techniques and model topologies. Motor bearing and shaft models are also reviewed, and techniques that are used to eliminate bearing current are evaluated. Modeling techniques for conventional rectifier-inverter systems are also summarized. EMI noise suppression techniques, including passive filter, Wheatstone bridge balance, active filter, and optimized modulation, are reviewed and compared based on the VFD system models.

Keywords variable-frequency drive (VFD) electromagnetic interference (EMI) motor drive modeling EMI noise suppression

Corresponding Author(s): Shuo WANG

Just Accepted Date: 13 September 2017 Online First Date: 06 November 2017 Issue Date: 11 June 2018

Cite this article:

Le YANG,Shuo WANG,Jianghua FENG. Electromagnetic interference modeling and suppression techniques in variable-frequency drive systems[J]. Front. Mech. Eng., 2018, 13(3): 329-353.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fme/EN/10.1007/s11465-018-0466-1
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fme/EN/Y2018/V13/I3/329

Fig.1 Block diagram of a rail vehicular system

Fig.2 A motor drive system with a two-cell H-bridge boost rectifier-inverter

Fig.3 A commonly used rectifier-inverter system for EMI analysis

Fig.4 Impedance measurement setup. (a) CM impedance; (b) Phase A DM impedance; (c) Phase B DM impedance; (d) Phase C DM impedance

Fig.5 Classification of EMI models for motors, as presented in the literature

Fig.6 Proposed motor model in Refs. [¹⁶,¹⁷]. (a) T model; (b) proposed single-phase physical model

Fig.7 Non-circuit-based behavior model

Fig.8 Phase-belt circuits discussed in Refs. [¹⁹–²¹]

Fig.9 General topology of a multi-stage RLC model

Fig.10 Multi-stage π model in Refs. [²³,²⁵]

Fig.11 Lumped model in Ref. [³²]

Fig.12 Long cable and stator winding transmission line model in a high-frequency range

Fig.13 Three-phase EMI model in Ref. [³⁸]

Fig.14 RLC model. (a) Equivalent DM circuit; (b) CM circuit in Ref. [²⁹]

Fig.15 Equivalent physical structure of a stator slot

Fig.16 T model; (b) high-frequency behavior model in Ref. [³⁸]

Fig.17 Flowchart of the optimized algorithm in Ref. [³⁸]

Fig.18 Physical structure of the bearing

Fig.19 Bearing model proposed in Ref. [⁴³]

Fig.20 A diode bridge-inverter motor drive system in Refs. [⁵⁹,⁶⁰]

Fig.21 CM noise equivalent circuits. (a) Equivalent CM circuit; (b) simplified CM circuit

Fig.22 An active rectifier-inverter motor drive system in Ref. [⁵³]

Fig.23 Equivalent CM circuit in Ref. [⁵³]

Fig.24 Superposition theory used in EMI analysis

Fig.25 An active rectifier-inverter system in Ref. [⁵⁴]

Fig.26 The Thevenin’s theorem in EMI analysis

Fig.27 Classification of EMI noise reduction techniques

Fig.28 Passive filters. (a) Potential type suppression; (b) current type suppression in Ref. [⁵⁵]

Fig.29 Potential type suppression with 3-phase iron core inductor

Fig.30 A diode bridge-inverter motor drive system in Ref. [⁶⁰]

Fig.31 Equivalent CM circuit in Ref. [⁶⁰]

Fig.32 Passive filter design flow chart

Fig.33 Topology selection of passive filters based on source and load impedances.

Fig.34 Wheatstone bridge balance

Fig.35 Wheatstone bridge balance technique for a motor drive system in Ref. [⁶⁴]

Fig.36 Equivalent circuit with Wheatstone bridge balance applied in Ref. [⁶⁴]

Fig.37 A voltage-sensing voltage compensating feedback active filter

Fig.38 Noise cancellation on the DC side. (a) Voltage cancellation; (b) current cancellation

Fig.39 Voltage-sensing and voltage-compensating equivalent circuits. (a) Feedforward; (b) feedback

Fig.40 Current-sensing and current-compensating equivalent circuit. (a) Feedforward; (b) feedback

Fig.41 A voltage-sensing and voltage-compensating feedforward active filter in Ref. [⁷⁵]

Fig.42 A current-sensing and current-compensating feedback active filter in Ref. [⁷⁵]

Fig.43 RCMV-PWM in a VSI system; (a) AZSM; (b) RSM; (c) NSM

Fig.44 An active rectifier-inverter system in Ref. [⁸⁴]

Tab.1 CM voltage with space vectors in the rectifier–inverter systems

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