Review on developments of novel specialty fibers: performance, application and process

doi:10.1007/s12200-014-0441-3

Front. Optoelectron.

2014, Vol. 7

Issue (3) : 338-347 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-014-0441-3

REVIEW ARTICLE

Review on developments of novel specialty fibers: performance, application and process

Qi MO¹,Cheng DU^1,^*(

),Wei CHEN¹,Yili KE¹,Tao ZHANG¹,Rushan CHEN²

1. Fiberhome Telecommunication Technologies Co. Ltd, Wuhan 430074, China
2. Accelink Technologies Co. Ltd, Wuhan 430074, China

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Abstract

This paper reviews the development progress of optical fiber, the producing and application of the specialty optical fiber in the world. Finally it states the leading technology of optical fiber of the world. Specialty optical fibers are series of optical fiber which could satisfy special requirements. Recently, the rapidly growing need from fiber to the home (FTTH), sensors, active optical link, energy conversion and delivery and fiber laser attracts researchers and optical companies to explore more possibilities of optical fiber and some novel specialty optical fibers were invented for the efforts. Bending insensitive optical fiber with the ability of extreme 3 mm bending diameter makes it possible to use the optical fiber as the electric wire in some extremely compact devices. Higher power was achieved in the fiber laser field with the development of rare earth doped fiber. Nanomaterials such as Au particles and ZnO nanostructures were utilized to extend the application in sensors and energy conversion. Pure silica design was commercialized to improve the radiation resistance of sensors based on fiber optics.

Keywords single mode optical fiber bending-insensitive rare earth doped fiber nano technology

Corresponding Author(s): Cheng DU

Online First Date: 31 July 2014 Issue Date: 09 September 2014

Cite this article:

Qi MO,Cheng DU,Wei CHEN, et al. Review on developments of novel specialty fibers: performance, application and process[J]. Front. Optoelectron., 2014, 7(3): 338-347.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/foe/EN/10.1007/s12200-014-0441-3
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foe/EN/Y2014/V7/I3/338

Fig.1 (a) Refractive index distribution of bending fiber; (b) intensity distribution of bending fiber [1]. n_eff is effective refractive index, n_core is refractive index of core, n_clad is refractive index of cladding, LP01 is the linear polarization mode-01

Fig.2 Cross section image of hole assisted single mode optical fiber

Fig.3 (a) Example of spectral loss variation; (b) histogram of maximum spectral loss variation[4]

Fig.4 Refractive index and propagation of light through the cladding of the fiber doped with Au NPs [5]

Fig.5 TEM image (a) and size distribution (b) of Au NPs incorporated in the cladding of optical fiber preform [5]

Fig.6 (a) Optical fiber based solar cell structure; (b) ZnO nanowire on the surface of optical fiber [6]

Fig.7 Schematic illustration of the photodarkening characterization setup [8]

Tab.1 Quantitative analysis of color centers in Al-Yb co-doped silica glasses by ESR measurements [8]

Fig.8 Output power loss over time for 1064-nm fiber amplifiers built with 2 m of fiber [8]

Fig.9 (a) Cross-section and refractive index profile of GTWave; (b) side view of GTWave [9]

Fig.10 Index profile of TCF [9]

Fig.11 Fiber end of 3C fiber [9]

Fig.12 Comparison of different schemes for multiplexing multiple optical spatial modes for fiber transmission. (a) Higher order LP modes are composed of two fiber eigenmodes (LP_2,1 = HE_3,1 + EH_1,1) having different propagation constants. The two fiber eigenmodes walk off as they propagate along the fiber. OAM modes are composed of two fiber eigenmodes with same propagation constant (OAM_0,2 = HE^even_2,1 + i × HE^odd_2,1), and thus, there is no walk-off after propagation; (b) to multiplexmultiple OAM modes into multimode step-index fiber, a small change of launching condition can exciteradially higher order modes and results in the crosstalk. With proper design, single-ring fiber can support only radially fundamental modes with reduced crosstalk; (c) j OAM modes with different azimuthal phase order can be multiplexed into the single ring fiber. Using a multiple-ring fiber with k rings can increase the multiplexed mode number with another factor of k. This can potentially transmit k × j OAM modes in a single fiber [10]

Fig.13 Geometry of the problem: schematically shown generation of the optical vortex (OV) from the incident Gaussian beam (GB). Insets show intensity distribution of the corresponding fields [11]

Fig.14 Model of a helical core fiber manufactured by drawing from a perform with an off-centered core [12]

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