<i>In vivo</i> skin imaging prototypes “made in Latvia”

doi:10.1007/s12200-017-0717-5

Front. Optoelectron.

2017, Vol. 10

Issue (3) : 255-266 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-017-0717-5

REVIEW ARTICLE

In vivo skin imaging prototypes “made in Latvia”

Janis SPIGULIS(

)

Biophotonics Laboratory, Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, Riga, LV-1586, Latvia

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Abstract

This paper briefly reviews the operational principles and designs of portable in vivo skin imaging prototypes developed at the Biophotonics Laboratory of the Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia. Four types of imaging devices are presented. Multi-spectral imagers ensure distant mapping of specific skin parameters (e.g., distribution of skin chromophores). Autofluorescence photobleaching rate imagers show potential for skin tumor assessment and margin delineation. Photoplethysmography video-imagers remotely detect cutaneous blood pulsations and provide real-time information on the human cardiovascular state. Multimodal skin imagers perform the above-mentioned functions by acquiring several spectral and video images using the same image sensor.

Keywords multispectral skin imaging autofluorescence photobleaching remote photoplethysmography

Corresponding Author(s): Janis SPIGULIS

Just Accepted Date: 04 July 2017 Online First Date: 21 August 2017 Issue Date: 26 September 2017

Cite this article:

Janis SPIGULIS. In vivo skin imaging prototypes “made in Latvia”[J]. Front. Optoelectron., 2017, 10(3): 255-266.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/foe/EN/10.1007/s12200-017-0717-5
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foe/EN/Y2017/V10/I3/255

Fig.1 Design scheme of the smartphone RGB illuminator (a), and normalized emission spectra of the used color LEDs

Fig.2 Design details of the smartphone-LED prototype device (a) and its outlook with a smartphone on it (b). 1 – smartphone, 2 – sticky fixing platform with a camera window, 3 – holding ring, 4 – polarizer of the detected light, 5 – LED ring comprising four sets of LEDs, 6 – light diffuser, 7 – illumination polarizer (oriented orthogonally to the polarizer 4), 8- screening spacer, 9 – silicone skin contact ring, 10 – compartment for batteries and electronic components

Fig.3 Block diagram of the modified video-microscope

Fig.4 Developed LED control unit (a), and the modified video-microscope with the replaced illumination unit (b)

Fig.5 Absorption of three main skin chromophores [22,23] at three fixed wavelengths

Fig.6 Design scheme of the three-wavelength laser add-on illuminator (a) and the mobile prototype with a smartphone on it (b). 1 – laser modules (three pairs; 448, 532, and 659 nm), 2 – shielding cylinder, 3 – laser beam collector, 4 – flat ring-shaped diffuser of laser light, 5 – sticky platform for the smartphone, 6 – electronics compartment

Fig.7 Design scheme (a) and outlook (b) of the prototype device for switchable four-laser-wavelengths skin illumination

Fig.8 Skin autofluorescence photobleaching under continuous 532-nm-wavelength laser irradiation (10–85 mW/cm²). (a) Temporal changes in the emission spectrum [29]; (b) partial recovery of the autofluorescence intensity after interrupted excitation [30]

Fig.9 Design scheme (a) and outlook (b) of the prototype device for skin fluorescence imaging using a smartphone. 1 – smartphone, 2 – sticky fixing plate with camera window, 3 – mounting rings, 8 – cylindrical screening spacer, 9 – silicone skin-contact ring, 10 – battery/electronics compartment, 11 – long-pass filter, 12 – LED ring

Fig.10 Hardware components of the dual-wavelength photoplethysmography imaging device. The bottom view of the imaging system- camera and light sources (a), and the entire device with a vacuum pillow supporting the palm (b)

Fig.11 Compact PPGI prototype device in operation (a) and the front view of the device (b)

Fig.12 SkImager prototype device in its battery-charging holder (a), internal design details (b) and functional scheme (c)

Fig.13 Measured emission bands of exploited LEDs (a) and spectral sensitivities of the CMOS image sensor (b)

Fig.14 Photograph of the 3D-printed modular multimodal imaging prototype device

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