Please wait a minute...
Shopping Cart Email List Chinese
Advanced Search Fig/Tab
Frontiers of Materials Science

ISSN 2095-025X

ISSN 2095-0268(Online)

CN 11-5985/TB

Postal Subscription Code 80-974

2018 Impact Factor: 1.701

Featured Articles  |  Most Downloaded  |  Most Reading
Online Submission Subscribe to Our RSS Content Feed
Front Mater Sci    2012, Vol. 6 Issue (2) : 116-127    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-012-0155-7
REVIEW ARTICLE
Tribological properties of transition metal di-chalcogenide based lubricant coatings
Jun-Feng YANG1,2, Braham PARAKASH1, Jens HARDELL1, Qian-Feng FANG2()
1. Department of Applied Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Lule? University of Technology, SE-971 87 Lule?, Sweden; 2. Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
 Download: PDF(404 KB)   HTML
 Export: BibTeX | EndNote | Reference Manager | ProCite | RefWorks
Abstract

Transition metal di-chalcogenides MX2 (X= S, Se, Te; and M= W, Mo, Nb, Ta) are one kind of solid lubricant materials that have been widely used in industry. The lubricant properties of such lubricant coatings are dependent not only on microstructure, orientation, morphology, and composition of the coatings, but also on the substrate, the interface between substrate and lubricant coatings, and the specific application environment. In this review, the effects of parameters on tribological properties of such kind of lubricant coatings were summarized. By comparing advantages and disadvantages of those coatings, the special treatments such as doping, structural modulation and post-treatment were suggested, aiming to improve the tribological performance under severe test conditions (e.g. high temperature, oxidizing atmosphere or humid condition).
Keywords transition metal di-chalcogenide      solid lubricant coating      tribological property     
Corresponding Author(s): FANG Qian-Feng,Email:qffang@issp.ac.cn   
Issue Date: 05 June 2012
 Cite this article:   
Jun-Feng YANG,Braham PARAKASH,Jens HARDELL, et al. Tribological properties of transition metal di-chalcogenide based lubricant coatings[J]. Front Mater Sci, 2012, 6(2): 116-127.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/10.1007/s11706-012-0155-7
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/Y2012/V6/I2/116
Fig.1  The layered hexagonal crystal structure of MoS2.
Fig.2  Categories of MoS2 coatings in terms of crystallographic orientations. (Reproduced with permissions from Refs. [-], Copyright 2003 American Vacuum Society, Copyright 1988 American Institute of Physics, Copyright 1992 ASM International)
Fig.3  Structure zone models for film growth proposed by Thornton, in which Ts is the substrate temperature and Tm is the coating material melting point. (Reproduced with permissions from Refs. [-], Copyright 1974 American Vacuum Society, Copyright 1977 Annual Reviews)
Fig.4  Effect of the substrate temperature on MoS2 coatings morphology and friction coefficient. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. [], Copyright 1980 Elsevier)
Fig.5  Fracture during sliding of sputtered MoS2 films with respect to morphological zones. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. [], Copyright 1982 Elsevier)
Fig.6  Frictional variation of sputtered MoS2 films. (Reproduced with permissions from Refs. [,], Copyright 1996 Elsevier, Copyright 1992 ASM International)
Fig.7  Relative Humidity (RH) and temperature dependence of the friction coefficient of MoS–Ti coatings during reciprocating sliding against an AISI 52100 steel ball.
1 Spalvins T. Coatings for wear and lubrication. Thin Solid Films , 1978, 53(3): 285–300
2 Gardos M N. The synergistic effects of graphite on the friction and wear of MoS2 films in air. Tribology Transactions , 1987, 31(2): 214–227
3 Endler I, Leonhardt A, K?nig U, . Chemical vapour deposition of MoS2 coatings using the precursors MoCl5 and H2S. Surface and Coatings Technology , 1999, 120–121: 482–488
4 Jayaram G, Marks L D, Hilton M R. Nanostructure of Au-20% Pd layers in MoS2 multilayer solid lubricant films. Surface and Coatings Technology , 1995, 76–77, Part 2: 393–399
5 Weise G, TeresiakA, B?cher I, et al. Influence of magnetron sputtering process parameters on wear properties of steel/Cr3Si or Cr/MoSx. Surface and Coatings Technology , 1995, 76–77, Part 2: 382–392
6 Spalvins T. Sputtering of solid lubricants. NASA TM X-52642, 1969
7 Panitz J K G, Pope L E, Hills C R, . A statistical study of the combined effects of substrate temperature, bias, annealing and a Cr3Si2 undercoating on the tribological properties of r.f. sputtered MoS2 coatings. Thin Solid Films , 1987, 154(1–2): 323–332
8 Spalvins T. Morphological and frictional behavior of sputtered MoS2 films. Thin Solid Films , 1982, 96(1): 17–24
9 Spalvins T. Coatings for wear and lubrication. NASA TM-78841, 1978
10 Zhang X L, Lauwerens W, He J W, . Structure and growth of basal and random oriented MoSx coatings deposited by magnetron sputtering. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films , 2003, 21(2): 416–421
11 Mikkelsen N J, Chevallier J, Sorensen G, . Friction and wear measurements of sputtered MoSx films amorphized by ion-bombardment. Applied Physics Letters , 1988, 52(14): 1130–1132
12 Spalvins T. Lubrication with sputtered MoS2 films: Principles, operation, and limitations. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance , 1992, 1(3): 347–351
13 Lavik M T, Campbell M E. Evidence of crystal structure in some sputtered MoS2 films. ASLE Transactions , 1972, 15(3): 233–234
14 Dimigen H, Hiibsch H, Willich P, . Stoichiometry and friction properties of sputtered MoSx layers. Thin Solid Films , 1985, 129(1–2): 79–91
15 Fleischauer P D. Effects of crystallite orientation on environmental stability and lubrication properties of sputtered MoS2 thin films. ASLE Transactions , 1984, 27(1): 82–88
16 Fleischauer P D. Fundamental aspects of the electronic structure, materials properties and lubrication performance of sputtered MoS2 films. Thin Solid Films , 1987, 154(1–2): 309–322
17 Thornton J A. Influence of apparatus geometry and deposition conditions on the structure and topography of thick sputtered coatings. Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology , 1974, 11(4): 666–670
18 Thornton J A. High rate thick film growth. Annual Review of Materials Science , 1977, 7(1): 239–260
19 Zhang X L, Lauwerens W, Stals L, . Fretting wear rate of sulphur deficient MoSx coatings based on dissipated energy. Journal of Materials Research , 2001, 16(12): 3567–3574
20 Spalvins T. Tribological properties of sputtered MoS2 films in relation to film morphology. Thin Solid Films , 1980, 73(2): 291–297
21 Buck V. Lattice parameters of sputtered MoS2 films. Thin Solid Films , 1991, 198(1–2): 157–167
22 Bertrand P A. Orientation of rf-sputter-deposited MoS2 films. Journal of Materials Research , 1989, 4(1): 180–184
23 Buck V. A neglected parameter (water contamination) in sputtering of MoS2 films. Thin Solid Films , 1986, 139(2): 157–168
24 Buck V. Structure and density of sputtered MoS2-films. Vacuum , 1986, 36(1–3): 89–94
25 Mikkelsen N J, Sorensen G. Solid lubricating films produced by ion bombardment of sputter deposited MoSx films. Surface and Coatings Technology , 1992, 51(1–3): 118–123
26 Hilton M R, Bauer R H, Didziulis S V, . Structural and tribological studies of MoS2 solid lubricant films having tailored metal-multilayer nanostructures. Surface and Coatings Technology , 1992, 53(1): 13–23
27 Moser J, Liao H, Levy F J, . Texture characterisation of sputtered MoS2 thin films by cross-sectional TEM analysis. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics , 1990, 23(5): 624–626
28 Hilton M R, Fleischauer P D. TEM lattice imaging of the nanostructure of early-growth sputter-deposited MoS2 solid lubricant films. Journal of Materials Research , 1990, 5(2): 406–421
29 Buck V. Preparation and properties of different types of sputtered MoS2 films. Wear , 1987, 114(3): 263–274
30 Aubert A, Nabot J P, Ernoult J, . Preparation and properties of MoSx films grown by d.c. magnetron sputtering. Surface and Coatings Technology , 1990, 41(1): 127–134
31 Moser J, Levy F, Bussy F. Composition and growth mode of MoSx sputtered films. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films , 1994, 12(2): 494–500
32 Moser J, Levy F. Crystal reorientation and wear mechanisms in MoS2 lubricating thin films investigated by TEM. Journal of Materials Research , 1993, 8(1): 206–213
33 Seitzman L E, Bolster R N, Singer I L. Effects of temperature and ion-to-atom ratio on the orientation of IBAD MoS2 coatings. Thin Solid Films , 1995, 260(2): 143–147
34 Stupp B C. Synergistic effects of metals co-sputtered with MoS2. Thin Solid Films , 1981, 84(3): 257–266
35 Fox V C, Hampshire J, Teer D G. MoS2/metal composite coatings deposited by closed-field unbalanced magnetron sputtering: tribological properties and industrial uses. Surface and Coatings Technology , 1999, 112(1–3): 118–122
36 Renevier N M, Fox V C, Teer D G, . Coating characteristics and tribological properties of sputter-deposited MoS2/metal composite coatings deposited by closed field unbalanced magnetron sputter ion plating. Surface and Coatings Technology , 2000, 127(1): 24–37
37 Seitzman L E, Bolster R N, Singer I L. X-ray diffraction of MoS2 coatings prepared by ion-beam-assisted deposition. Surface and Coatings Technology , 1992, 52(1): 93–98
38 Spalvins T. Structure of sputtered molybdenum disulfide films at various substrate temperatures. ASLE Transactions , 1974, 17(1): 1–7
39 Lince J R, Fleischauer P D. Crystallinity of rf-sputtered MoS2 films. Journal of Materials Research , 1987, 2(6): 827–838
42 Fleischauer P D, Bauer R. Chemical and structural effects on the lubrication properties of sputtered MoS2 films. Tribology Transactions , 1988, 31(2): 239–250
43 Buckley D H. Friction, wear, and lubrication in vacuum. NASA Special Publication , SP-277, 1971
44 Rabinowicz E. Friction and Wear of Materials. New York: Wiley, 1965
45 Baker M A, Gilmore R, Lenardi C, . XPS investigation of preferential sputtering of S from MoS2 and determination of MoSx stoichiometry from Mo and S peak positions. Applied Surface Science , 1999, 150(1–4): 255–262
46 Christy R I, Barnett G C. Sputtered MoS2 lubrication system for spacecraft gimbal bearings. ASLE 32nd Annual Meeting, Montreal, Quebec , 1977
47 Donnet C, Martin J M, LeMogne T, . Super-low friction of MoS2 coatings in various environments. Tribology International , 1996, 29(2): 123–128
48 Müller C, Menoud C, Maillat M, . Thick compact MoS2 coatings. Surface and Coatings Technology , 1988, 36(1–2): 351–359
49 Kubart T, Polcar T, Kopecky L, . Temperature dependence of tribological properties of MoS2 and MoSe2 coatings. Surface and Coatings Technology , 2005, 193(1–3): 230–233
50 Roberts E W. The lubricating properties of magnetron sputtered MoS2. European Space Agency , ESA-5615/83-NL-PP, ESA-ESTL-76, 1987
51 Uernura M, Saito K, Nakao K. A mechanism of vapor effect on friction coefficient of molybdenum disulfide. Tribology Transactions , 1990, 33(4): 551–556
52 Lansdown A R. Molybedenum Disulphide Lubrication. Amsterdam , The Netherlands: Elsevier, 1999
53 Stewart T B, Fleischauer R D. Chemistry of sputtered molybdenum disulfide films. Inorganic Chemistry , 1982, 21(6): 2426–2431
54 Wheeler D R. Effect of oxygen pressure from 10-9 to 10-6 Torr on the friction of sputtered MoSx films. Thin Solid Films , 1993, 223(1): 78–86
55 Lince J R, Hilton M R, Bommannavar A S. Oxygen substitution in sputter-deposited MoS2 films studied by extended X-ray absorption fine structure, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Surface and Coatings Technology , 1990, 43–44 , Part 2: 640–651
56 Fleischauer P D, Lince J R. A comparison of oxidation and oxygen substitution in MoS2 solid film lubricants. Tribology International , 1999, 32(11): 627–636
57 Christy R I. Sputtered MoS2 lubricant coating improvements. Thin Solid Films , 1980, 73(2): 299–307
58 Shtansky D V, Lobova T A, Fominski V Yu, . Structure and tribological properties of WSex, WSex/TiN, WSex/TiCN and WSex/TiSiN coatings. Surface and Coatings Technology , 2004, 183(2–3): 328–336
59 Wang D-Y, Chang C-L, Chen Z-Y, . Microstructural and tribological characterization of MoS2–Ti composite solid lubricating films. Surface and Coatings Technology , 1999, 120–121 : 629–635
60 Renevier N M, Oosterling H, K?nig U, . Performance and limitations of MoS2/Ti composite coated inserts. Surface and Coatings Technology , 2003, 172(1): 13–23
61 Wang X, Xing Y M, Ma S L, . Microstructure and mechanical properties of MoS2/titanium composite coatings with different titanium content. Surface and Coatings Technology , 2007, 201(9–11): 5290–5293
62 Ding X Z, Zeng X T, He X Y, . Tribological properties of Cr- and Ti-doped MoS2 composite coatings under different humidity atmosphere. Surface and Coatings Technology , 2010, 205(1): 224–231
63 Kao W H. Tribological properties and high speed drilling application of MoS2–Cr coatings. Wear , 2005, 258(5–6): 812–825
64 Su Y L, Kao W H. Tribological behaviour and wear mechanism of MoS2–Cr coatings sliding against various counterbody. Tribology International , 2003, 36(1): 11–23
65 Pope L E, Jervis T R, Nastasi M. Effects of laser processing and doping on the lubrication and chemical properties of thin MoS2 films. Surface and Coatings Technology , 1990, 42(3): 217–225
66 Stoyanov P, Fishman J Z, Lince J R, . Micro-tribological performance of MoS2 lubricants with varying Au content. Surface and Coatings Technology , 2008, 203(5–7): 761–765
67 Chien H H, Ma K J, Vattikuti S P, . Tribological behaviour of MoS2/Au coatings. Thin Solid Films , 2010, 518(24): 7532–7534
68 Arslan E, Totik Y, Bayrak O, . High temperature friction and wear behavior of MoS2/Nb coating in ambient air. Journal of Coatings Technology and Research , 2010, 7(1): 131–137
69 Efeoglu I, Baran ?, Yetim F, . Tribological characteristics of MoS2–Nb solid lubricant film in different tribo-test conditions. Surface and Coatings Technology , 2008, 203(5–7): 766–770
70 Arslan E, Baran ?, Efeoglu I, . Evaluation of adhesion and fatigue of MoS2–Nb solid-lubricant films deposited by pulsed-dc magnetron sputtering. Surface and Coatings Technology , 2008, 202(11): 2344–2348
71 Deng J X, Song W L, Zhang H, . Performance of PVD MoS2/Zr-coated carbide in cutting processes. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture , 2008, 48(14): 1546–1552
72 Cardinal M F, Castro P A, Baxi J, . Characterization and frictional behavior of nanostructured Ni–W–MoS2 composite coatings. Surface and Coatings Technology , 2009, 204(1–2): 85–90
73 Kim K, Korsunsky A M. Dissipated energy and fretting damage in CoCrAlY–MoS2 coatings. Tribology International , 2010, 43(3): 676–684
74 Wahl K J, Dunn D N, Singer I L. Wear behavior of Pb–Mo–S solid lubricating coatings. Wear , 1999, 230(2): 175–183
75 Takeno T, Abe S, Adachi K, . Deposition and structural analyses of molybdenum-disulfide (MoS2)–amorphous hydrogenated carbon (a-C:H) composite coatings. Diamond and Related Materials , 2010, 19(5–6): 548–552
76 Polcar T, Evaristo M, Cavaleiro A. Comparative study of the tribological behavior of self-lubricating W–S–C and Mo–Se–C sputtered coatings. Wear , 2009, 266(3–4): 388–392
77 Polcar T, Evaristo M, Stueber M, . Synthesis and structural properties of Mo–Se–C sputtered coatings. Surface and Coatings Technology , 2008, 202(11): 2418–2422
78 Hu J J, Bultman J E, Muratore C, . Tribological properties of pulsed laser deposited Mo–S–Te composite films at moderate high temperatures. Surface and Coatings Technology , 2009, 203(16): 2322–2327
79 Zou T Z, Tu J P, Zhang S C, . Friction and wear properties of electroless Ni–P–(IF-MoS2) composite coatings in humid air and vacuum. Materials Science and Engineering A , 2006, 426(1–2): 162–168
80 Koshy R A, Graham M E, Marks L D. Temperature activated self-lubrication in CrN/Mo2N nanolayer coatings. Surface and Coatings Technology , 2010, 204(9–10): 1359–1365
81 Kim S K, Cha B C. Deposition of CrN–MoS2 thin films by D.C. magnetron sputtering. Surface and Coatings Technology , 2004, 188–189: 174–178
82 Carrera S, Salas O, Moore J J, . Performance of CrN/MoS2(Ti) coatings for high wear low friction applications. Surface and Coatings Technology , 2003, 167(1): 25–32
83 Bae Y W, Lee W Y, Besmann T M, . Preparation and friction characteristics of self-lubricating TiN–MoS2 composite coatings. Materials Science and Engineering A , 1996, 209(1–2): 372–376
84 Rahman M, Haider J, Dowling D P, . Investigation of mechanical properties of TiN+MoSx coating on plasma-nitrided substrate. Surface and Coatings Technology , 2005, 200(5–6): 1451–1457
85 Gangopadhyay S, Acharya R, Chattopadhyay A K, . Composition and structure–property relationship of low friction, wear resistant TiN–MoSx composite coating deposited by pulsed closed-field unbalanced magnetron sputtering. Surface and Coatings Technology , 2009, 203(12): 1565–1572
86 La P Q, Xue Q J, Liu W M. Tribological properties of MoSi2–MoS2 coatings coupling with SAE 52100 steel under reciprocating sliding. Surface and Coatings Technology , 2001, 135(2–3): 118–125
89 Renevier N M, Lobiondo N, Fox V C, . Performance of MoS2/metal composite coatings used for dry machining and other industrial applications. Surface and Coatings Technology , 2000, 123(1): 84–91
90 Hardell J, Efeoglu I, Prakash B. Tribological degradation of MoS2–Ti sputtered coating when exposed to elevated temperatures. Tribology- Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces , 2010, 4(3): 121–129
91 Jing Y, Luo J B, Pang S Q. Effect of Ti or TiN codeposition on the performance of MoS2-based composite coatings. Thin Solid Films , 2004, 461(2): 288–293
92 Mikhailov S, Savan A, Pflüger E, . Morphology and tribological properties of metal (oxide)–MoS2 nanostructured multilayer coatings. Surface and Coatings Technology , 1998, 105(1–2): 175–183
93 Wang L P, Zhao S W, Xie Z W, . MoS2/Ti multilayer deposited on 2Cr13 substrate by PIIID. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms , 2008, 266(5): 730–733
94 Li Y L, Kim S. Microstructural and tribological behavior of TiAlN/MoS2–Ti coatings. Rare Metals , 2006, 25(4): 326–330
95 Chen L M, Tu J P, Zhang S C, . Effect of deposition pressure on microstructure and tribological behavior of MoSx/MoSx–Mo nanoscale multi-layer films. Tribology Letters , 2007, 25(2): 87–91
96 Watanabe S, Noshiro J, Miyake S. Friction properties of WS2/MoS2 multilayer films under vacuum environment. Surface and Coatings Technology , 2004, 188–189 : 644–648
97 Kuwano H, Nagal K. Friction-reducing coatings by dual fast atom beam technique. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films , 1986, 4(6): 2993–2996
98 Chhowalla M, Amaratunga G A. Thin films of fullerene-like MoS2 nanoparticles with ultra-low friction and wear. Nature , 2000, 407(6801): 164–167
99 Wahl K J, Dunn D N, Singer I L. Effects of ion implantation on microstructure, endurance and wear behavior of IBAD MoS2. Wear , 2000, 237(1): 1–11
100 Hirano M, Miyake S. Sliding life enhancement of a WS2 sputtered film by ion beam mixing. Applied Physics Letters , 1985, 47(7): 683–685
101 Voevodin A A, O′Neill J P, Zabinski J S. Nanocomposite tribological coatings for aerospace applications. Surface and Coatings Technology , 1999, 116–119 : 36–45
102 Zabinski J S, Donley M S, Dyhouse V J, . Chemical and tribological characterization of PbO–MoS2 films grown by pulsed laser deposition. Thin Solid Films , 1992, 214(2): 156–163
103 Zabinski J S, Donley M S, McDevitt N T. Mechanistic study of the synergism between Sb2O3 and MoS2 lubricant systems using Raman spectroscopy. Wear , 1993, 165(1): 103–108
104 Voevodin A A, Zabinski J S. Supertough wear-resistant coatings with ‘chameleon’ surface adaptation. Thin Solid Films , 2000, 370(1–2): 223–231
105 Voevodin A A, Fitz T A, Hu J J, . Nanocomposite tribological coatings with “chameleon” surface adaptation. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films , 2002, 20(4): 1434–1444
106 Hu J J, Muratore C, Voevodin A A. Silver diffusion and high-temperature lubrication mechanisms of YSZ–Ag–Mo based nanocomposite coatings. Composites Science and Technology , 2007, 67(3–4): 336–347
107 Baker C C, Hu J J, Voevodin A A. Preparation of Al2O3/DLC/Au/MoS2 chameleon coatings for space and ambient environments. Surface and Coatings Technology , 2006, 201(7): 4224–4229
108 Aouadi S M, Paudel Y, Simonson W J, . Tribological investigation of adaptive Mo2N/MoS2/Ag coatings with high sulfur content. Surface and Coatings Technology , 2009, 203(10–11): 1304–1309
109 Scharf T W, Kotula P G, Prasad S V. Friction and wear mechanisms in MoS2/Sb2O3/Au nanocomposite coatings. Acta Materialia , 2010, 58(12): 4100–4109
[1] Jun-Feng YANG, Yan JIANG, Jens HARDELL, Braham PRAKASH, Qian-Feng FANG. Influence of service temperature on tribological characteristics of self-lubricant coatings: A review[J]. Front Mater Sci, 2013, 7(1): 28-39.
[2] N. MOHAMAD RAFFI, D. KANAGARAJAN, V. SRINIVASAN. Tribological behavior of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene in a hip joint simulator[J]. Front Mater Sci, 2012, 6(4): 358-365.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed