High performance sandwich structured Si thin film anodes with LiPON coating

doi:10.1007/s11706-018-0416-1

Front. Mater. Sci.

2018, Vol. 12

Issue (2) : 147-155 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-018-0416-1

RESEARCH ARTICLE

High performance sandwich structured Si thin film anodes with LiPON coating

Xinyi LUO¹, Jialiang LANG¹, Shasha LV¹, Zhengcao LI²(

)

¹. State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
². Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

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Abstract

The sandwich structured silicon thin film anodes with lithium phosphorus oxynitride (LiPON) coating are synthesized via the radio frequency magnetron sputtering method, whereas the thicknesses of both layers are in the nanometer range, i.e. between 50 and 200 nm. In this sandwich structure, the separator simultaneously functions as a flexible substrate, while the LiPON layer is regarded as a protective layer. This sandwich structure combines the advantages of flexible substrate, which can help silicon release the compressive stress, and the LiPON coating, which can provide a stable artificial solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) film on the electrode. As a result, the silicon anodes are protected well, and the cells exhibit high reversible capacity, excellent cycling stability and good rate capability. All the results demonstrate that this sandwich structure can be a promising option for high performance Si thin film lithium ion batteries.

Keywords sandwich anode LiPON coating flexible substrate silicon anode

Corresponding Author(s): Zhengcao LI

Online First Date: 18 April 2018 Issue Date: 29 May 2018

Cite this article:

Xinyi LUO,Jialiang LANG,Shasha LV, et al. High performance sandwich structured Si thin film anodes with LiPON coating[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2018, 12(2): 147-155.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/10.1007/s11706-018-0416-1
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/Y2018/V12/I2/147

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1	Chan C K, Peng H, Liu G, et al.. High-performance lithium battery anodes using silicon nanowires. Nature Nanotechnology, 2008, 3(1): 31–35 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2007.411 pmid: 18654447
2	Zhou X S, Yu L, Yu X Y, et al.. Encapsulating Sn nanoparticles in amorphous carbon nanotubes for enhanced lithium storage properties. Advanced Energy Materials, 2016, 6(22): 1601177 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201601177
3	Zhou X, Yu L, Lou X W. Nanowire-templated formation of SnO2/carbon nanotubes with enhanced lithium storage properties. Nanoscale, 2016, 8(15): 8384–8389 https://doi.org/10.1039/C6NR01272H pmid: 27045732
4	Mo R, Tung S O, Lei Z, et al.. Pushing the limits: 3D layer-by-layer assembled composites for cathodes with 160 C discharge rates. ACS Nano, 2015, 9(5): 5009–5017 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn507186k pmid: 25910177
5	Zhou X, Dai Z, Liu S, et al.. Ultra-uniform SnOx/carbon nanohybrids toward advanced lithium-ion battery anodes. Advanced Materials, 2014, 26(23): 3943–3949 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201400173 pmid: 24664966
6	Ge M, Rong J, Fang X, et al.. Porous doped silicon nanowires for lithium ion battery anode with long cycle life. Nano Letters, 2012, 12(5): 2318–2323 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl300206e pmid: 22486769
7	Chang J, Huang X, Zhou G, et al.. Multilayered Si nanoparticle/reduced graphene oxide hybrid as a high-performance lithium-ion battery anode. Advanced Materials, 2014, 26(5): 758–764 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201302757 pmid: 24115353
8	Wu H, Cui Y. Designing nanostructured Si anodes for high energy lithium ion batteries. Nano Today, 2012, 7(5): 414–429 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nantod.2012.08.004
9	Kim H, Seo M, Park M H, et al.. A critical size of silicon nano-anodes for lithium rechargeable batteries. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2010, 49(12): 2146–2149 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200906287 pmid: 20175170
10	Chen J, Yang L, Rousidan S, et al.. Facile fabrication of Si mesoporous nanowires for high-capacity and long-life lithium storage. Nanoscale, 2013, 5(21): 10623–10628 https://doi.org/10.1039/c3nr03955b pmid: 24057146
11	Jing S, Jiang H, Hu Y, et al.. Directly grown Si nanowire arrays on Cu foam with a coral-like surface for lithium-ion batteries. Nanoscale, 2014, 6(23): 14441–14445 https://doi.org/10.1039/C4NR05469E pmid: 25340678
12	Wang H, Song H, Lin Z, et al.. Highly cross-linked Cu/a-Si core‒shell nanowires for ultra-long cycle life and high rate lithium batteries. Nanoscale, 2016, 8(5): 2613–2619 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5NR06985H pmid: 26572901
13	Hao Q, Zhao D, Duan H, et al.. Si/Ag composite with bimodal micro-nano porous structure as a high-performance anode for Li-ion batteries. Nanoscale, 2015, 7(12): 5320–5327 https://doi.org/10.1039/C4NR07384C pmid: 25721441
14	Kim H, Huang X K, Wen Z H, et al.. Novel hybrid Si film/carbon nanofibers as anode materials in lithium-ion batteries. Journal of Materials Chemistry A: Materials for Energy and Sustainability, 2015, 3(5): 1947–1952 https://doi.org/10.1039/C4TA05804F
15	Liu L, Lyu J, Li T, et al.. Well-constructed silicon-based materials as high-performance lithium-ion battery anodes. Nanoscale, 2016, 8(2): 701–722 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5NR06278K pmid: 26666682
16	Zhao C, Luo X, Chen C, et al.. Sandwich electrode designed for high performance lithium-ion battery. Nanoscale, 2016, 8(18): 9511–9516 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5NR09049K pmid: 27117447
17	Yu C J, Li X, Ma T, et al.. Silicon thin films as anodes for high-performance lithium-ion batteries with effective stress relaxation. Advanced Energy Materials, 2012, 2(1): 68–73 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201100634
18	Wu H, Chan G, Choi J W, et al.. Stable cycling of double-walled silicon nanotube battery anodes through solid-electrolyte interphase control. Nature Nanotechnology, 2012, 7(5): 310–315 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2012.35 pmid: 22447161
19	Xiao X, Lu P, Ahn D. Ultrathin multifunctional oxide coatings for lithium ion batteries. Advanced Materials, 2011, 23(34): 3911–3915 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201101915 pmid: 21786345
20	Guo S, Li H, Bai H, et al.. Ti/Si/Ti sandwich-like thin film as the anode of lithium-ion batteries. Journal of Power Sources, 2014, 248: 1141–1148 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.09.138
21	Sun F, Huang K, Qi X, et al.. A rationally designed composite of alternating strata of Si nanoparticles and graphene: a high-performance lithium-ion battery anode. Nanoscale, 2013, 5(18): 8586–8592 https://doi.org/10.1039/c3nr02435k pmid: 23893258
22	Cras F L, Pecquenard B, Dubois V, et al.. All-solid-state lithium-ion microbatteries using silicon nanofilm anodes: high performance and memory effect. Advanced Energy Materials, 2015, 5(19): 1501061 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201501061
23	Li J, Dudney N J, Nanda J, et al.. Artificial solid electrolyte interphase to address the electrochemical degradation of silicon electrodes. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2014, 6(13): 10083–10088 https://doi.org/10.1021/am5009419 pmid: 24926882
24	Liao J, Li Z, Wang G, et al.. ZnO nanorod/porous silicon nanowire hybrid structures as highly-sensitive NO2 gas sensors at room temperature. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2016, 18(6): 4835–4841 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5CP07036H pmid: 26804157
25	Wang G, Li Z, Li M, et al.. Enhanced field-emission of silver nanoparticle-graphene oxide decorated ZnO nanowire arrays. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2015, 17(47): 31822–31829 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5CP05036G pmid: 26565977
26	Lv S, Li Z, Chen C, et al.. Enhanced field emission performance of hierarchical ZnO/Si nanotrees with spatially branched heteroassemblies. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2015, 7(24): 13564–13568 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b02976 pmid: 26039591
27	Yang Y, Wang Z X, Zhou R, et al.. Effects of lithium fluoride coating on the performance of nano-silicon as anode material for lithium-ion batteries. Materials Letters, 2016, 184: 65–68 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2016.08.006
28	Liu Y X, Si L, Du Y C, et al.. Strongly bonded selenium/microporous carbon nanofibers composite as a high-performance cathode for lithium-selenium batteries. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2015, 119(49): 27316–27321 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b09553
29	Ruffo R, Hong S S, Chan C K, et al.. Impedance analysis of silicon nanowire lithium ion battery anodes. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2009, 113(26): 11390–11398 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp901594g
30	Herbert E G, Tenhaeff W E, Dudney N J, et al.. Mechanical characterization of LiPON films using nanoindentation. Thin Solid Films, 2011, 520(1): 413–418 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2011.07.068
31	Fedorchenko A I, Wang A B, Cheng H H. Thickness dependence of nanofilm elastic modulus. Applied Physics Letters, 2009, 94(15): 152111 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3120763
32	Choi J Y, Lee D J, Lee Y M, et al.. Silicon nanofibrils on a flexible current collector for bendable lithium-ion battery anodes. Advanced Functional Materials, 2013, 23(17): 2108–2114 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201202458
33	Cho J H, Picraux S T. Enhanced lithium ion battery cycling of silicon nanowire anodes by template growth to eliminate silicon underlayer islands. Nano Letters, 2013, 13(11): 5740–5747 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl4036498 pmid: 24144166
34	Fu K, Xue L G, Yildiz O, et al.. Effect of CVD carbon coatings on Si@CNF composite as anode for lithium-ion batteries. Nano Energy, 2013, 2(5): 976–986 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2013.03.019
35	Cui L F, Hu L, Choi J W, et al.. Light-weight free-standing carbon nanotube-silicon films for anodes of lithium ion batteries. ACS Nano, 2010, 4(7): 3671–3678 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn100619m pmid: 20518567
36	Zhu Y, Liu W, Zhang X, et al.. Directing silicon-graphene self-assembly as a core/shell anode for high-performance lithium-ion batteries. Langmuir, 2013, 29(2): 744–749 https://doi.org/10.1021/la304371d pmid: 23268716
37	Wu H, Zheng G, Liu N, et al.. Engineering empty space between Si nanoparticles for lithium-ion battery anodes. Nano Letters, 2012, 12(2): 904–909 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl203967r pmid: 22224827
38	Liu B, Soares P, Checkles C, et al.. Three-dimensional hierarchical ternary nanostructures for high-performance Li-ion battery anodes. Nano Letters, 2013, 13(7): 3414–3419 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl401880v pmid: 23786580

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