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Frontiers of Materials Science

ISSN 2095-025X

ISSN 2095-0268(Online)

CN 11-5985/TB

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Front. Mater. Sci.    2021, Vol. 15 Issue (1) : 124-137    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-021-0534-z
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Twofold bioinspiration of TiO2-PDA hybrid fabrics with desirable robustness and remarkable polar/nonpolar liquid separation performance
Guopeng CHEN1, Shuwen CHEN1, Xinyi ZHANG1, Fuchao YANG1(), Jing FU1,2
1. Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials (MOE), Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
2. School of Chemistry and Environment Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
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Abstract

The fundamental relationship between microstructure, constituent, processing and performances of separating materials is really a vital issue. Traditional preparation methods for separation membranes are complex, time-consuming and easy to be fouled. Also, the durability of conventional coatings on membrane is poor. By combination of bioinspiration from mussel adhesive and fish scales’ underwater superoleophobicity, we propose a general route to prepare organic–inorganic hybrid coatings, while no complex apparatus is needed. Specifically, based on the biomimetic adhesion of polydopamine (PDA), we used it as a binder to adhere TiO2 nanoparticles and built rough microstructure on fabric. In this way, we obtained TiO2-PDA treated fabric with special wettability. These TiO2-PDA treated samples owned superamphiphilicity in air, underwater superoleophobicity (underwater oil contact angles (OCAs)>150°), underoil superhydrophobicity (underoil water contact angles (WCAs)>150°), excellent multi-resistance; and can separate polar/nonpolar liquid mixture effectively. It also owned superaerophobicity underwater (underwater bubble contact angles (BCAs)>150°). The proposed TiO2-PDA coatings are highly expected to be employed for real situation of water pollution remediation, self-cleaning, oil extraction and harsh chemical engineering issues.
Keywords polydopamine      TiO2-PDA fabric      polar/nonpolar separation      underwater superoleophobicity      superamphiphilicity     
Corresponding Author(s): Fuchao YANG   
Online First Date: 03 February 2021    Issue Date: 11 March 2021
 Cite this article:   
Guopeng CHEN,Shuwen CHEN,Xinyi ZHANG, et al. Twofold bioinspiration of TiO2-PDA hybrid fabrics with desirable robustness and remarkable polar/nonpolar liquid separation performance[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2021, 15(1): 124-137.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/10.1007/s11706-021-0534-z
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/Y2021/V15/I1/124
Fig.1  Diagram of modified fabric and oxidation self-polymerization mechanism for PDA under alkalescence condition (pH= 9.0).
Fig.2  (a) The process flowchart of the TiO2-PDA treated fabric. (b)(c)(d) Optical photographs of the original, the PDA treated fabric, and the TiO2-PDA treated fabric (from the left to the right).
Fig.3  (a) WCA and (b) OCA in air for sample 6. (c) WCA underoil for samples. (d) OCA underwater for samples. (e)(f)(g) Images of underwater OCAs for the original, the PDA treated, and the TiO2-PDA treated fabrics (from left to right).
Fig.4  Characterization of TiO2-PDA coatings: (a)(b)(c) SEM images of the TiO2-PDA treated fabric; (d) EDS spectrum and (e) element relative atomic ratios of the TiO2-PDA treated fabric; (f) AFM scanning result of TiO2-PDA on the silicon substrate; (g) Elemental distributions of the TiO2-PDA fabric surface.
Fig.5  (a) XPS survey, (b) XPS spectrum of the Ti 2p peak and (c) XPS spectrum of the N 1s peak of original and TiO2-PDA treated fabrics. (d) XRD patterns of original and TiO2-PDA treated fabrics. (e) TG and (f) DTG curves of original and TiO2-PDA treated fabrics.
Solvent Polarity value Dipole moment (D)
1,2-dichloroethane 3.5 1.80
n-hexane 0.1 0
acetone 5.4 2.88
benzene 3 0
ethanol 4.6 1.69
tetrachloride 1.6 0
isooctane 0.1 0
petroleum ether 0.01 N.A.
water 10.2 1.85
ethylene glycol 6.9 2.28
Tab.1  Polarity values and dipole moments of solvents involved in this work (extracted from Lange’s Handbook of Chemistry)
Fig.6  (a) Nonpolar oil/polar water separation mechanism after pre-wetting by nonpolar oil or polar water. (b) Separation efficiency and flux of separating water from nonpolar oil/polar water mixture vs. cycle number. (c) Separation efficiency and flux of separating nonpolar oil from polar/nonpolar liquid mixture vs. cycle number.
Fig.7  The wettability of bubble droplet with a volume of (a) 6 μL, (b) 7 μL and (c) 8 μL underwater, and (d) its scientific understanding of interfacial interactions.
Fig.8  (a) Photographs of the abrasion process. (b) OCA underwater of TiO2-PDA treated fabric after every 5 cycles. (c) Photographs of the chemical durability test process. (d) OCA underwater of TiO2-PDA treated fabric after 7 d immersion of four different kinds of oils. ①, ②, ③, and ④ represent n-hexane, isooctane, 1,2-dichloroethane, and petroleum ether, respectively.
Fig.9  Photocatalytic degradation of MB dye using the TiO2-PDA treated fabric: (a) UV–vis spectra of the MB solution at different degradation time; (b) Time-dependent reduction curve of MB with the insert showing photographs of the MB solution before and after the degradation.
Fig.10  (a) WCA and (b) OCA in air for sample 10. (c) WCAs underoil for three different samples. (d) OCAs underwater for three different samples.
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