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Frontiers of Materials Science

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ISSN 2095-0268(Online)

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Front. Mater. Sci.    2021, Vol. 15 Issue (1) : 36-53    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-021-0543-y
REVIEW ARTICLE
Multifunctional modification of Fe3O4 nanoparticles for diagnosis and treatment of diseases: A review
Miao QIN1, Mengjie XU1, Lulu NIU3, Yizhu CHENG1, Xiaolian NIU1, Jinlong KONG1, Xiumei ZHANG1, Yan WEI1,2, Di HUANG1,2()
1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
2. Shanxi Key Laboratory of Material Strength & Structural Impact, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
3. Wellead Medical Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 511434, China
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Abstract

With the rapid improvements in nanomaterials and imaging technology, great progresses have been made in diagnosis and treatment of diseases during the past decades. Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with good biocompatibility and superparamagnetic property are usually used as contrast agent for diagnosis of diseases in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Currently, the combination of multiple imaging technologies has been considered as new tendency in diagnosis and treatment of diseases, which could enhance the accuracy and reliability of disease diagnosis and provide new strategies for disease treatment. Therefore, novel contrast agents used for multifunctional imaging are urgently needed. Fe3O4 MNPs are believed to be a potential candidate for construction of multifunctional platform in diagnosis and treatment of diseases. In recent years, there are a plethora of studies concerning the construction of multifunctional platform presented based on Fe3O4 MNPs. In this review, we introduce fabrication methods and modification strategies of Fe3O4 MNPs, expecting great improvements for diagnosis and treatment of diseases in the future.
Keywords Fe3O4 MNPs      preparation methods      modification strategy      multifunctional platform     
Corresponding Author(s): Di HUANG   
Online First Date: 07 February 2021    Issue Date: 11 March 2021
 Cite this article:   
Miao QIN,Mengjie XU,Lulu NIU, et al. Multifunctional modification of Fe3O4 nanoparticles for diagnosis and treatment of diseases: A review[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2021, 15(1): 36-53.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/10.1007/s11706-021-0543-y
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/Y2021/V15/I1/36
Fig.1  (a) Schematic illustration of the reactor. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [49]. (b) Schematic illustration of the growth mechanism. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [49].
Precursor T/°C Surfactant η t/h δ/(°C·min−1) Size/nm Shape State Ref.
Iron oleate 290 OA 0 1 10 4–6 SC monodisperse, SC [51]
320 OA 0 1, 10 10 6–10 spherical monodisperse, SC [51]
320 OA 25:1 24 10 13–24 spherical & cubic monodisperse, SC [51]
260 OA 2:1 24 3.3 9 spherical polydisperse, PC [37]
320 OA 2:1 0.5 3.3 12 spherical monodisperse, SC [37]
Iron pentacarbonyl 283 OA 2:1 1.5 immediately 14 spherical & cubic monodisperse, SC [51]
Iron oxyhydroxide 320 OA 15:1 24 15 22–33 spherical & facetted monodisperse, SC [51]
Iron acetylacetonate 300 OAm 26:1 1 20 3–6 spherical monodisperse, SC [52]
265 OA & OAm 5:1 a) 2 immediately 9 spherical & cubic monodisperse, SC [53]
Iron glucuronate 320 OA 1.2:1 0.5 immediately 11 cubic monodisperse, SC [54]
Tab.1  The shape and the size of Fe3O4 MNPs at different reaction parameters [37,51–54]
Method Advantages Disadvantages Surface property Ref.
Co-precipitation simple and easy to operate, low needs of reaction conditions wide range of particles size and poor dispersity hydrophilia [36]
Thermal decomposition high degree of crystallinity and narrow distribution of particles size hydrophobicity of products, danger for operator hydrophobicity [37]
Hydrothermal high purity and magnetism of products high requirements for reaction conditions hydrophilia [39]
Microemulsion simple experimental devices, easy to manipulate low crystallinity of products, low productivity and poor monodispersity hydrophilia or hydrophobicity [38]
Solvothermal high degree of crystallinity and monodispersity hydrophobicity of products hydrophobicity [66]
Sol–gel simple experimental equipment, good monodispersity low controllability, release of toxic organic substances during reaction hydrophobicity [65]
Vapor deposition simple devices, easy to control, high purity and good dispersity low productivity, high cost and difficult for collection of products hydrophilia [32]
Ultrasound good dispersity, easy to operate wide distribution of particle size hydrophilia [67]
Mechanical crushing low cost, high productivity, simple devices wide distribution of particle size, large particle size hydrophilia [68]
Tab.2  The comparison on different methods of Fe3O4 MNPs preparation [32,36–39,65–68]
Fig.2  Multifunctional modification strategies for Fe3O4 MNPs.
Fig.3  (a) Schematic drawing of the antiphagocytosis 99mTc-labeled Fe3O4 NPs and the diagnosis principle for tumors. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [110]. (b) Schematic illustration of RIA for diagnosis of small HCC. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [111]. (c) Schematic illustration of dual-ratiometric target-triggered fluorescent probe for diagnosis of tumors. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [112].
Fig.4  (a) The design principle of GdIO NPs. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [114]. (b) The design principle of MnO/Fe3O4 NPs. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [115]. (c) Structure and function of Fe3O4@PEG-PLGA MCs. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [116]. (d) Structure and function of Fe3O4@SiO2-Au-Alexa Fluor 647-cRGD NPs. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [118].
Fig.5  (a) Schematic illustration of Fe3O4@SiO2-Glu NPs synthesis. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [119]. (b) Schematic illustration of MFION-based engineering of MSCs for the recovery post-ischemic stroke. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [120]. (c) Schematic of the formation of AAV-MnMEIO hybrid NPs. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [121].
Fig.6  (a) The fabrication and function of Fe3O4/MCPC. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [123]. (b) Schematic illustration of MPNA design concept. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [124]. (c) Schematic illustration of MPNA preparation. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [124]. (d) The fabrication of GSH-responsive magnetic Au NWs. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [125]. (e) The application mechanism of magnetic Au NWs. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [125].
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