Spray synthesis of rapid recovery ZnO/polyaniline film ammonia sensor at room temperature

doi:10.1007/s11706-022-0620-x

Front. Mater. Sci.

2022, Vol. 16

Issue (4) : 220620 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-022-0620-x

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Spray synthesis of rapid recovery ZnO/polyaniline film ammonia sensor at room temperature

Yingze BAI¹, Xin DONG^1,²(

), Chuanyu GUO¹, Yingming XU¹, Bin WANG¹(

), Xiaoli CHENG¹(

)

¹. Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
². State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China

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Abstract

As an excellent room temperature sensing material, polyaniline (PANI) needs to be further investigated in the field of high sensitivity and sustainable gas sensors due to its long recovery time and difficulty to complete recovery. The ZnO/PANI film with p‒n heterogeneous energy levels have successfully prepared by spraying ZnO nanorod synthesized by hydrothermal method on the PANI film rapidly synthesized at the gas‒liquid interface. The presence of p‒n heterogeneous energy levels enables the ZnO/PANI film to detect 0.1‒100 ppm (1 ppm = 10⁻⁶) NH₃ at room temperature with the response value to 100 ppm NH₃ doubled (12.96) and the recovery time shortened to 1/5 (31.2 s). The ability of high response and fast recovery makes the ZnO/PANI film to be able to detect NH₃ at room temperature continuously. It provides a new idea for PANI to prepare sustainable room temperature sensor and promotes the development of room temperature sensor in public safety.

Keywords rapid recovery ZnO/polyaniline film ammonia sensor

Corresponding Author(s): Xin DONG,Bin WANG,Xiaoli CHENG

Issue Date: 02 December 2022

Cite this article:

Yingze BAI,Xin DONG,Chuanyu GUO, et al. Spray synthesis of rapid recovery ZnO/polyaniline film ammonia sensor at room temperature[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2022, 16(4): 220620.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/10.1007/s11706-022-0620-x
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/Y2022/V16/I4/220620

Fig.1 (a) Schematic diagram of the ZnO/PANI film. (b)(c)(d) SEM images of the PANI film (panel (b)), ZnO (panel (c)) and the PANI film sprayed with 20 mg ZnO (panel (d)). (e) TEM image of the PANI film sprayed 20 mg ZnO (the ZnO/PANI film) (inset: SAED image).

Fig.2 (a) XRD patterns of the PANI film, ZnO, and the ZnO/PANI film. (b) Wide range XPS spectrum and (c)(d)(e)(f) XPS fine spectra of Zn 2p, O 1s, C 1s, and N 1s of the ZnO/PANI film. (g) FTIR spectra of the PANI film, ZnO, and the ZnO/PANI film. (h) Raman spectra of the PANI film and the ZnO/PANI film. (i) Band gap energies of the ZnO/PANI film and ZnO (inset).

Fig.3 (a) The response of the ZnO/PANI film sensor towards 100 ppm of seven gases. (b) The responses of PANI film, ZnO, and the ZnO/PANI film sensor to 100 ppm NH₃ at room temperature. (c) The response–recovery curve of PANI film and the ZnO/PANI film sensor to 100 ppm NH₃. (d)(f) The response–recovery curve and (e)(g) the linear relationship of the ZnO/PANI film sensor towards 100 ppb–100 ppm NH₃. (h) The reproducibility to 100 ppm NH₃ and the responses to different RH values of the ZnO/PANI film sensor at room temperature. (i) The response of the ZnO/PANI film sensor to 1 ppm NH₃ at room temperature with different RH values.

Fig.4 The contact potential differences of (a) PANI films and (b) ZnO. Schematic diagram of energy band of (c) before and (d) after the composite of PANI films and rod-shaped ZnO.

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