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Frontiers of Materials Science

ISSN 2095-025X

ISSN 2095-0268(Online)

CN 11-5985/TB

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Front. Mater. Sci.    2021, Vol. 15 Issue (2) : 266-279    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-021-0555-7
RESEARCH ARTICLE
New starch capsules with antistatic, anti-wear and superlubricity properties
Nannan WANG1,2, Youbin ZHENG1,3, Yange FENG1,3(), Liqiang ZHANG1,2, Min FENG1,2, Xiaojuan LI1,2, Daoai WANG1,3()
1. State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
2. Center of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3. Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry and New Materials, Qingdao 266100, China
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Abstract

Adsorption of drug powder is caused by triboelectrification on the surface of starch capsule during filling process. Furthermore, high wear rate and poor water lubricity also hinder the further practical applications of traditional starch capsule. To solve these problems, a glycerol-modified starch capsule with perfect anti-triboelectrification and enhanced lubrication performance was fabricated. Hydrogen bond between glycerol and starch molecules could reduce the bound water content on the capsule surface and thus realizes anti-triboelectrification. By adding glycerol, a three-tier structure composed of starch-glycerol-water is formed through hydrogen bonding on the surface of the starch film, which has been proven to be favorable for lubrication performance. When 5% glycerol is added, the short-circuit current (Isc) of starch-based triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is reduced by 86%, and the wear volume of the starch film is reduced by 89%. Under water lubrication condition, the lubrication performance of the starch-glycerol film can reach the super lubricated level with a friction coefficient of about 0.005. This work provides a new route to obtain modified starch capsules with improved anti-triboelectrification property, reduced wear rate and superlubricity property.
Keywords starch capsules      hydrogen bonds      anti-triboelectrification      anti-wear      superlubricity     
Corresponding Author(s): Yange FENG,Daoai WANG   
Online First Date: 14 May 2021    Issue Date: 08 June 2021
 Cite this article:   
Nannan WANG,Youbin ZHENG,Yange FENG, et al. New starch capsules with antistatic, anti-wear and superlubricity properties[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2021, 15(2): 266-279.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/10.1007/s11706-021-0555-7
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/Y2021/V15/I2/266
Fig.1  (a) The preparation process of the starch-glycerol (GC) film. (b) Schematic of the formation of hydrogen bond between starch molecule and glycerol molecule. (c) Comparison of infrared spectra of the blank starch film and the one with 5% glycerol.
Fig.2  (a) Comparison of infrared spectra between the blank starch film and the one with 5% glycerol before and after completely drying at 90 °C. (b)(c) UV-absorption spectra and mechanical properties of the blank starch film and the ones with 1% and 5% glycerol. (d) Friability test of the blank starch capsule shell and the one with 5% glycerol. (e)(f)(g) Compression–recovery experiment of the blank starch capsule and the one with 5% glycerol.
Fig.3  (a) Triboelectric sequence of starch films with different glycerol contents. (b) Short-circuit current (Isc), (c) output voltage (Uo), (d) integrated charge density, and (e) changes in current with voltage of blank starch-based TENG and the ones with 1% and 5% glycerol. (f) Stability test of blank starch-based TENG and the one with 5% glycerol at 35% RH.
Fig.4  Changes of (a) Isc and (b) Uo for the blank starch-based TENG and the one with 5% glycerol with humidity. Real-time changes of Isc for (c) the blank starch-based TENG and (d) the one with 5% glycerol with humidity. Schematics of (e) hydrogen bonds between glycerol inside the starch film and water molecules, (f) hydroxyl sites on the surface of the starch film occupied by glycerol, and (g) glycerol molecules on the surface of the starch film forming hydrogen bonds with water molecules in the environment. (h)(i)(j) Comparison of powder adsorption of starch capsules with different glycerol contents.
Fig.5  Comparison of (a) friction coefficient, (b) wear volume, and (c) friction coefficient under water lubrication. (d)(e)(f) 3D topographies of wear scars on the starch film with different glycerol contents. Applied load: 2 N; frequency: 5 Hz.
  Fig. S1 (a)(b)(c) Transparency photos of starch films with different glycerol contents. SEM images of (d) the blank starch film and (e) the one with 5% glycerol content.
  Fig. S2 Disintegration experiment of capsules with different glycerol contents: (a) schematic diagram of capsule administration process; (b) disintegration demonstration experiment of blank starch capsule and glycerol-starch capsule; comparison of residue on baffle between (c) blank starch capsule and (d) glycerol-starch capsule after disaggregation.
  Fig. S3 Dissolution curves of gelatin and starch capsules filled with drugs.
  Fig. S4 Surface resistivities of starch films with different glycerol contents.
  Fig. S5 Resistance values of (a) glycerol and (b) blank starch film.
  Fig. S6 (a) Comparison of water absorptions of starch film and glycerol at 95% RH. (b) Comparison of friction coefficients between the starch film coated with glycerol and the one without glycerol.
SP CT DOT FB LOD/% DT/min
Gelatin capsule Pale yellow transparency, elastic 0/10 0/50 12.82 8–10
Starch capsule Colorless and transparent, elastic 0/10 0/50 10.13 3–5
  Table S1 Performances comparison of gelatin and starch capsules
SP Day 0 Day 5 Day 10
CT DOT FB LOD/% DT/min CT DOT FB LOD/% DT/min CT DOT FB LOD/% DT/min
A1 ▲ 0/10 0/50 12.82 8–10 ▲ 0/10 0/50 8.79 12–15 ▲ 0/10 0/50 7.11 11–14
A2 ▲ 0/10 0/50 12.82 8–10 ▲ 0/10 0/50 11.57 9–13 ▲ 0/10 0/50 7.80 10–12
B1 ▾ 0/10 0/50 10.13 3–5 ▾ 0/10 0/50 7.51 4–7 ▾ 0/10 0/50 6.39 5–7
B2 ▾ 0/10 0/50 10.13 3–5 ▾ 0/10 0/50 8.95 5–8 ▾ 0/10 0/50 6.86 6–8
  Table S2 Effect of high temperature on properties of gelatin and starch capsules
SP Day 0 Day 5 Day 10
CT DOT FB LOD/% DT/min CT DOT FB LOD/% DT/min CT DOT FB LOD/% DT/min
A1 ▲ 0/10 0/50 12.82 8–10 ▲ 0/10 0/50 22.36 6–10 ▲ 0/10 0/50 21.57 8–12
A2 ▲ 0/10 0/50 12.82 8–10 ▲ 0/10 0/50 19.65 8–12 ▲ 0/10 0/50 19.62 9–11
B1 ▾ 0/10 0/50 10.13 3–5 ▾ 0/10 0/50 15.03 3–6 ▾ 0/10 0/50 15.48 3–5
B2 ▾ 0/10 0/50 10.13 3–5 ▾ 0/10 0/50 11.13 2–5 ▾ 0/10 0/50 12.05 4–6
  Table S3 Effect of high humidity on properties of gelatin and starch capsules
SP Day 0 Day 5 Day 10
CT DOT FB LOD/% DT/min CT DOT FB LOD/% DT/min CT DOT FB LOD/% DT/min
A1 ▲ 0/10 0/50 12.82 8–10 ▲ 0/10 0/50 9.96 12–14 ▲ 0/10 0/50 11.71 12–15
A2 ▲ 0/10 0/50 12.82 8–10 ▲ 0/10 0/50 11.10 10–13 ▲ 0/10 0/50 12.08 11–13
B1 ▾ 0/10 0/50 10.13 3–5 ▾ 0/10 0/50 6.43 4–6 ▾ 0/10 0/50 6.02 3–5
B2 ▾ 0/10 0/50 10.13 3–5 ▾ 0/10 0/50 7.27 5–7 ▾ 0/10 0/50 7.30 4–6
  Table S4 Effect of strong light on properties of gelatin and starch capsules
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