Flexible and ultrathin dopamine modified MXene and cellulose nanofiber composite films with alternating multilayer structure for superior electromagnetic interference shielding performance
1. Multiscale Computational Materials Facility, and Key Laboratory of Eco-materials Advanced Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350100, China 2. College of Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
With the development of modern electronics, especially the next generation of wearable electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials requires flexibility, ultrathin, lightweight and robustness to protect electronic devices from radiation pollution. In this work, the flexible and ultrathin dopamine modified MXene@cellulose nanofiber (DM@CNF) composite films with alternate multilayer structure have been developed by a facile vacuum filtration induced self-assembly approach. The multilayered DM@CNF composite films exhibit improved mechanical properties compared with the homogeneous DM/CNF film. By adjusting the layer number, the multilayered DM3@CNF2 composite film exhibits a tensile strength of 48.14 MPa and a toughness of 5.28 MJ·m−3 with a thickness about 19 μm. Interestingly that, the DM@CNF film with annealing treatment achieves significant improvement in conductivity (up to 17264 S·m−1) and EMI properties (SE of 41.90 dB and SSE/t of 10169 dB·cm2·g−1), which still maintains relatively high mechanical properties. It is highlighted that the ultrathin multilayered DM@CNF film exhibits superior EMI shielding performance compared with most of the metal-based, carbon-based and MXene-based shielding materials reported in the literature. These results will offer an appealing strategy to develop the ultrathin and flexible MXene-based materials with excellent EMI shielding performance for the next generation intelligent protection devices.
Shahzad F.Iqbal A.Kim H.M. Koo C., 2D transition metal carbides (MXenes): Applications as an electrically conducting material, Adv. Mater. 32(51), 2002159 (2020)
2
W. Jiang D. , Murugadoss V. , Wang Y. , Lin J. , Ding T. , C. Wang Z. , Shao Q. , Wang C. , Liu H. , Lu N. , B. Wei R. , Subramania A. , H. Guo Z. . Electromagnetic interference shielding polymers and nanocomposites - A review. Polym. Rev. (Phila. Pa. ), 2019, 59(2): 280 https://doi.org/10.1080/15583724.2018.1546737
3
Xiang C. , H. Guo R. , J. Lin S. , X. Jiang S. , W. Lan J. , Wang C. , Cui C. , Y. Xiao H. , Zhang Y. . Lightweight and ultrathin TiO2-Ti3C2Tx/graphene film with electromagnetic interference shielding. Chem. Eng. J., 2019, 360: 1158 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.10.174
4
T. Liu R. , Miao M. , H. Li Y. , F. Zhang J. , M. Cao S. , Feng X. . Ultrathin biomimetic polymeric Ti3C2Tx MXene composite films for electromagnetic interference shielding. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2018, 10(51): 44787 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b18347
5
Abbasi H. , Antunes M. , I. Velasco J. . Recent advances in carbon-based polymer nanocomposites for electromagnetic interference shielding. Prog. Mater. Sci., 2019, 103: 319 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2019.02.003
6
Hu M. , Zhang N. , Shan G. , Gao J. , Liu J. , K. Y. Li R. . Two-dimensional materials: Emerging toolkit for construction of ultrathin high-efficiency microwave shield and absorber. Front. Phys., 2018, 13(4): 138113 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-018-0809-8
7
Li X. , C. Shan G. , G. Ma R. , H. Shek C. , B. Zhao H. , Ramakrishna S. . Bioinspired mineral MXene hydrogels for tensile strain sensing and radionuclide adsorption applications. Front. Phys., 2022, 17(6): 63501 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-022-1181-2
8
Liu B.Y. Qian L.L. Zhao Y.W. Zhang Y.Liu F.Zhang Y.Q. Xie Y.Z. Shi W., A polarization-sensitive, self-powered, broadband and fast Ti3C2Tx MXene photodetector from visible to near-infrared driven by photogalvanic effects, Front. Phys. 17(5), 53501 (2022)
9
Wen B. , S. Cao M. , M. Lu M. , Q. Cao W. , L. Shi H. , Liu J. , X. Wang X. , B. Jin H. , Y. Fang X. , Z. Wang W. , Yuan J. . Reduced graphene oxides: Light-weight and high-efficiency electromagnetic interference shielding at elevated temperatures. Adv. Mater., 2014, 26(21): 3484 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201400108
10
Shen B. , T. Zhai W. , G. Zheng W. . Ultrathin flexible graphene film: An excellent thermal conducting material with efficient EMI shielding. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2014, 24(28): 4542 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201400079
11
Han Y. , Zhong H. , Liu N. , X. Liu Y. , Lin J. , Jin P. . In situ surface oxidized copper mesh electrodes for high-performance transparent electrical heating and electromagnetic interference shielding. Adv. Electron. Mater., 2018, 4(11): 1800156 https://doi.org/10.1002/aelm.201800156
12
Z. Feng Y. , Wang B. , W. Li X. , S. Ye Y. , M. Ma J. , T. Liu C. , P. Zhou X. , L. Xie X. . Enhancing thermal oxidation and fire resistance of reduced graphene oxide by phosphorus and nitrogen co-doping: Mechanism and kinetic analysis. Carbon, 2019, 146: 650 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2019.01.099
13
Z. Feng Y. , J. Han G. , Wang B. , P. Zhou X. , M. Ma J. , S. Ye Y. , T. Liu C. , L. Xie X. . Multiple synergistic effects of graphene-based hybrid and hexagonal born nitride in enhancing thermal conductivity and flame retardancy of epoxy. Chem. Eng. J., 2020, 379: 122402 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.122402
14
F. Meng X. , H. Li D. , Q. Shen X. , Liu W. . Preparation and magnetic properties of nano-Ni coated cenosphere composites. Appl. Surf. Sci., 2010, 256(12): 3753 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.01.019
15
L. Song W. , T. Guan X. , Z. Fan L. , Q. Cao W. , Y. Wang C. , L. Zhao Q. , S. Cao M. . Magnetic and conductive graphene papers toward thin layers of effective electromagnetic shielding. J. Mater. Chem. A, 2015, 3(5): 2097 https://doi.org/10.1039/C4TA05939E
16
S. Novoselov K. , V. Andreeva D. , C. Ren W. , C. Shan G. . Graphene and other two-dimensional materials. Front. Phys., 2019, 14(1): 13301 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-018-0835-6
17
C. Wang Y. , H. Yao L. , Zheng Q. , S. Cao M. . Graphene-wrapped multiloculated nickel ferrite: A highly efficient electromagnetic attenuation material for microwave absorbing and green shielding. Nano Res., 2022, 15(7): 6751 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-4428-x
18
S. Cao M. , L. Song W. , L. Hou Z. , Wen B. , Yuan J. . The effects of temperature and frequency on the dielectric properties, electromagnetic interference shielding and microwave-absorption of short carbon fiber/silica composites. Carbon, 2010, 48(3): 788 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2009.10.028
19
H. Yao L. , Q. Cao W. , G. Zhao J. , Zheng Q. , C. Wang Y. , Jiang S. , L. Pan Q. , Song J. , Q. Zhu Y. , S. Cao M. . Regulating bifunctional flower-like NiFe2O4/graphene for green EMI shielding and lithium ion storage. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 127: 48 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2022.04.010
20
C. Jia L. , Q. Zhang G. , Xu L. , J. Sun W. , J. Zhong G. , Lei J. , X. Yan D. , M. Li Z. . Robustly superhydrophobic conductive textile for efficient electromagnetic interference shielding. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2019, 11(1): 1680 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b18459
21
C. Jia L. , G. Zhou C. , J. Sun W. , Xu L. , X. Yan D. , M. Li Z. . Water-based conductive ink for highly efficient electromagnetic interference shielding coating. Chem. Eng. J., 2020, 384: 123368 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.123368
22
C. Jia L. , Q. Ding K. , J. Ma R. , L. Wang H. , J. Sun W. , X. Yan D. , Li B. , M. Li Z. . Highly conductive and machine-washable textiles for efficient electromagnetic interference shielding. Adv. Mater. Technol., 2019, 4(2): 1800503 https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.201800503
23
M. Weng G. , Y. Li J. , Alhabeb M. , Karpovich C. , Wang H. , Lipton J. , Maleski K. , Kong J. , Shaulsky E. , Elimelech M. , Gogotsi Y. , D. Taylor A. . Layer-by-layer assembly of cross-functional semi-transparent MXene-carbon nanotubes composite films for next-generation electromagnetic interference shielding. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2018, 28(44): 1803360 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201803360
24
Crespo M. , González M. , L. Elías A. , Pulickal Rajukumar L. , Baselga J. , Terrones M. , Pozuelo J. . Ultra-light carbon nanotube sponge as an efficient electromagnetic shielding material in the GHz range. Phys. Status Solidi Rapid Res. Lett., 2014, 8(8): 698 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssr.201409151
25
Li Z. , Yu L. , Milligan C. , Ma T. , Zhou L. , R. Cui Y. , Y. Qi Z. , Libretto N. , Xu B. , W. Luo J. , Z. Shi E. , W. Wu Z. , L. Xin H. , N. Delgass W. , T. Miller J. , Wu Y. . Two-dimensional transition metal carbides as supports for tuning the chemistry of catalytic nanoparticles. Nat. Commun., 2018, 9(1): 5258 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07502-5
26
R. Lukatskaya M. , Kota S. , F. Lin Z. , Q. Zhao M. , Shpigel N. , D. Levi M. , Halim J. , L. Taberna P. , Barsoum M. , Simon P. , Gogotsi Y. . Ultra-high-rate pseudocapacitive energy storage in two-dimensional transition metal carbides. Nat. Energy, 2017, 2(8): 17105 https://doi.org/10.1038/nenergy.2017.105
27
Anasori B.R. Lukatskaya M.Gogotsi Y., 2D metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) for energy storage, Nat. Rev. Mater. 2(2), 16098 (2017)
28
Lin H. , Chen Y. , L. Shi J. . Insights into 2D MXenes for versatile biomedical applications: Current advances and challenges ahead. Adv. Sci. (Weinh.), 2018, 5(10): 1800518 https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.201800518
Z. Zhang J. , Kong N. , Uzun S. , Levitt A. , Seyedin S. , A. Lynch P. , Qin S. , K. Han M. , R. Yang W. , Q. Liu J. , G. Wang X. , Gogotsi Y. , M. Razal J. . Scalable manufacturing of free-standing, strong Ti3C2Tx MXene films with outstanding conductivity. Adv. Mater., 2020, 32(23): 2001093 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202001093
31
Naguib M. , Mashtalir O. , Carle J. , Presser V. , Lu J. , Hultman L. , Gogotsi Y. , W. Barsoum M. . Two-dimensional transition metal carbides. ACS Nano, 2012, 6(2): 1322 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn204153h
32
Zhan C. , Naguib M. , Lukatskaya M. , R. C. Kent P. , Gogotsi Y. , E. Jiang D. . Understanding the MXene pseudocapacitance. J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2018, 9(6): 1223 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00200
33
C. Lei J. , Zhang X. , Zhou Z. . Recent advances in MXene: Preparation, properties, and applications. Front. Phys., 2015, 10(3): 276 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-015-0493-x
34
Liu J. , B. Zhang H. , H. Sun R. , F. Liu Y. , S. Liu Z. , G. Zhou A. , Z. Yu Z. . Hydrophobic, flexible, and lightweight MXene Foams for high-performance electromagnetic-interference shielding. Adv. Mater., 2017, 29(38): 1702367 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201702367
35
L. Ma Z. , L. Kang S. , Z. Ma J. , Shao L. , L. Zhang Y. , Liu C. , J. Wei A. , L. Xiang X. , F. Wei L. , W. Gu J. . Ultraflexible and mechanically strong double-layered aramid nanofiber-Ti3C2Tx MXene/silver nanowire nanocomposite papers for high-performance electromagnetic interference shielding. ACS Nano, 2020, 14(7): 8368 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.0c02401
36
Shahzad F. , Alhabeb M. , B. Hatter C. , Anasori B. , Man Hong S. , M. Koo C. , Gogotsi Y. . Electromagnetic interference shielding with 2D transition metal carbides (MXenes). Science, 2016, 353(6304): 1137 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aag2421
37
Mashtalir O. , Naguib M. , N. Mochalin V. , Dall’Agnese Y. , Heon M. , W. Barsoum M. , Gogotsi Y. . Intercalation and delamination of layered carbides and carbonitrides. Nat. Commun., 2013, 4(1): 1716 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2664
38
Akuzum B. , Maleski K. , Anasori B. , Lelyukh P. , J. Alvarez N. , C. Kumbur E. , Gogotsi Y. . Rheological characteristics of 2D titanium carbide (MXene) dispersions: A guide for processing MXenes. ACS Nano, 2018, 12(3): 2685 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.7b08889
39
J. Wan Y. , M. Li X. , L. Zhu P. , Sun R. , P. Wong C. , H. Liao W. . Lightweight, flexible MXene/polymer film with simultaneously excellent mechanical property and high-performance electromagnetic interference shielding. Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf., 2020, 130: 105764 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2020.105764
40
Z. Huang H. , F. Sha X. , Cui Y. , Y. Sun S. , Y. Huang H. , Y. He Z. , Y. Liu M. , G. Zhou N. , Y. Zhang X. , Wei Y. . Highly efficient removal of iodine ions using MXene-PDA-Ag2Ox composites synthesized by mussel-inspired chemistry. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 2020, 567: 190 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2020.02.015
41
Y. Yang L.Cui J.Zhang L.R. Xu X.Chen X.P. Sun D., A moisture-driven actuator based on polydopamine-modified MXene/bacterial cellulose nanofiber composite film, Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101378 (2021)
42
T. Cao W. , Ma C. , Tan S. , G. Ma M. , B. Wan P. , Chen F. . Ultrathin and flexible CNTs/MXene/cellulose nanofibrils composite paper for electromagnetic interference shielding. Nano-Micro Lett., 2019, 11(1): 72 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-019-0304-y
43
H. Chen J. , K. Xu J. , Wang K. , R. Qian X. , C. Sun R. . Highly thermostable, flexible, and conductive films prepared from cellulose, graphite, and polypyrrole nanoparticles. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2015, 7(28): 15641 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b04462
44
Q. Zhang L. , G. Yang S. , Li L. , Yang B. , D. Huang H. , X. Yan D. , J. Zhong G. , Xu L. , M. Li Z. . Ultralight cellulose porous composites with manipulated porous structure and carbon nanotube distribution for promising electromagnetic interference shielding. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2019, 11(2): 2559 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b21940
45
T. Cao W. , F. Chen F. , J. Zhu Y. , G. Zhang Y. , Y. Jiang Y. , G. Ma M. , Chen F. . Binary strengthening and toughening of MXene/cellulose nanofiber composite paper with nacre-inspired structure and superior electromagnetic interference shielding properties. ACS Nano, 2018, 12(5): 4583 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.8b00997
46
L. Hart J. , Hantanasirisakul K. , C. Lang A. , Anasori B. , Pinto D. , Pivak Y. , T. van Omme J. , J. May S. , Gogotsi Y. , L. Taheri M. . Control of MXenes’ electronic properties through termination and intercalation. Nat. Commun., 2019, 10(1): 522 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-08169-8
47
S. Lee G. , Yun T. , Kim H. , H. Kim I. , Choi J. , H. Lee S. , J. Lee H. , S. Hwang H. , G. Kim J. , W. Kim D. , M. Lee H. , M. Koo C. , O. Kim S. . Mussel inspired highly aligned Ti3C2Tx MXene film with synergistic enhancement of mechanical strength and ambient stability. ACS Nano, 2020, 14(9): 11722 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.0c04411
48
Alhabeb M. , Maleski K. , Anasori B. , Lelyukh P. , Clark L. , Sin S. , Gogotsi Y. . Guidelines for synthesis and processing of two-dimensional titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx MXene). Chem. Mater., 2017, 29(18): 7633 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b02847
49
Zhou B. , Zhang Z. , L. Li Y. , J. Han G. , Z. Feng Y. , Wang B. , B. Zhang D. , M. Ma J. , T. Liu C. . Flexible, robust, and multifunctional electromagnetic interference shielding film with alternating cellulose nanofiber and MXene layers. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2020, 12(4): 4895 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b19768
50
Z. Bao W. , Tang X. , Guo X. , Choi S. , Y. Wang C. , Gogotsi Y. , X. Wang G. . Porous cryo-dried MXene for efficient capacitive deionization. Joule, 2018, 2(4): 778 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.02.018
51
W. Fu J. , H. Chen Z. , H. Wang M. , J. Liu S. , H. Zhang J. , N. Zhang J. , P. Han R. , Xu Q. . Adsorption of methylene blue by a high-efficiency adsorbent (polydopamine microspheres): Kinetics, isotherm, thermodynamics and mechanism analysis. Chem. Eng. J., 2015, 259: 53 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2014.07.101
52
Zhang Y. , H. Cheng W. , X. Tian W. , Y. Lu J. , Song L. , M. Liew K. , B. Wang B. , Hu Y. . Nacre-inspired tunable electromagnetic interference shielding sandwich films with superior mechanical and fire-resistant protective performance. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2020, 12(5): 6371 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b18750
53
H. Zhou Z. , C. Song Q. , X. Huang B. , Y. Feng S. , H. Lu C. . Facile fabrication of densely packed Ti3C2 MXene/nanocellulose composite films for enhancing electromagnetic interference shielding and electro-/photothermal performance. ACS Nano, 2021, 15(7): 12405 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.1c04526
54
F. Zhao X. , E. Holta D. , Y. Tan Z. , H. Oh J. , J. Echols I. , Anas M. , X. Cao H. , L. Lutkenhaus J. , Radovic M. , J. Green M. . Annealed Ti3C2Tz MXene films for oxidation-resistant functional coatings. ACS Appl. Nano Mater., 2020, 3(11): 10578 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.0c02473
55
J. Wan Y. , L. Zhu P. , H. Yu S. , Sun R. , P. Wong C. , H. Liao W. . Anticorrosive, ultralight, and flexible carbon-wrapped metallic nanowire hybrid sponges for highly efficient electromagnetic interference shielding. Small, 2018, 14(27): 1800534 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201800534
56
H. Ryu S. , K. Han Y. , J. Kwon S. , Kim T. , M. Jung B. , B. Lee S. , Park B. . Absorption-dominant, low reflection EMI shielding materials with integrated metal mesh/TPU/CIP composite. Chem. Eng. J., 2022, 428: 131167 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.131167
57
Feng L. , Zuo Y. , He X. , J. Hou X. , G. Fu Q. , J. Li H. , Song Q. . Development of light cellular carbon nanotube@graphene/carbon nanocomposites with effective mechanical and EMI shielding performance. Carbon, 2020, 168: 719 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2020.07.032
58
T. Liu R. , Miao M. , H. Li Y. , F. Zhang J. , M. Cao S. , Feng X. . Ultrathin biomimetic polymeric Ti3C2Tx MXene composite films for electromagnetic interference shielding. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2018, 10(51): 44787 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b18347
59
S. Li R. , Ding L. , Gao Q. , M. Zhang H. , Zeng D. , A. Zhao B. , B. Fan B. , Zhang R. . Tuning of anisotropic electrical conductivity and enhancement of EMI shielding of polymer composite foam via CO2-assisted delamination and orientation of MXene. Chem. Eng. J., 2021, 415: 128930 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.128930
60
S. Liu Z. , Zhang Y. , B. Zhang H. , Dai Y. , Liu J. , F. Li X. , Z. Yu Z. . Electrically conductive aluminum ion-reinforced MXene films for efficient electromagnetic interference shielding. J. Mater. Chem. C, 2020, 8(5): 1673 https://doi.org/10.1039/C9TC06304H