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Frontiers of Physics

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Front. Phys.    2023, Vol. 18 Issue (4) : 42300    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-023-1266-6
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Characteristics investigation of Yb3+:YAG crystals for optical refrigeration
Yongqing Lei1,2, Biao Zhong1(), Xuelu Duan1, Chaoyu Wang1, Jiajin Xu1, Ziheng Zhang1, Jinxin Ding1, Jianping Yin1()
1. State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
2. Shanxi Vocational University of Engineering Science and Technology, Jinzhong 030619, China
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Abstract

Yb3+:YAG crystal is one excellent material for developing high-power radiation-balanced lasers (RBLs). An experimental study of the laser cooling performances of YAG crystals with various doping Yb3+ concentrations, especially for application of RBLs, is reported here. With improved Yb3+ doping concentration in YAG crystal, though the resonance absorption coefficient increases, the corresponding external quantum efficiency has been found to decrease with the average fluorescence wavelength being red shifted, which is detrimental to anti-Stokes fluorescence (ASF) cooling. The decrease of the external quantum efficiency can cause the first zero crossing wavelength to red shift, which is not conducive to RBLs. Based on the comprehensive study of the cooling characteristics of the series of Yb3+-doped YAG crystals, the optimal Yb3+ doping concentration for ASF cooling has been suggested.
Keywords anti-Stokes fluorescence cooling      Yb3+:YAG crystal      radiation-balanced lasers     
Corresponding Author(s): Biao Zhong,Jianping Yin   
Issue Date: 14 March 2023
 Cite this article:   
Yongqing Lei,Biao Zhong,Xuelu Duan, et al. Characteristics investigation of Yb3+:YAG crystals for optical refrigeration[J]. Front. Phys. , 2023, 18(4): 42300.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fop/EN/10.1007/s11467-023-1266-6
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fop/EN/Y2023/V18/I4/42300
Fig.1  The schematic diagram of the LITMoS test and laser cooling experimental setup. HWP: half-wave plate; OI: optical isolator; PBS: polarizing beam splitter.
Fig.2  (a) The energy diagram of the Yb3+ in YAG crystal. (b) Absorption (blue) and fluorescence (red) spectra for the 5% Yb3+:YAG crystal at 300 K. The blue dotted line indicates the mean fluorescence wavelength λf at 300 K.
Fig.3  The temperature-dependent fluorescence (a) and absorption (b) spectra for the 5% Yb3+:YAG crystal, respectively. (c) The mean fluorescence wavelength λf for 1%, 5% and 10% Yb3+:YAG versus the temperature of the sample. The solid line indicates a linear fitting. (d) The normalized fluorescence spectrum for 1%, 5% and 10% Yb3+:YAG at 300 K.
Sample Parameters
ηext αb Cooling range (λc1−λc2)
1% Yb3+:YAG 99.20% 1.6×10−4 cm−1 1020−1055 nm
5% Yb3+:YAG 99.15% 1.0×10−4 cm−1 1022−1082 nm
10% Yb3+:YAG 97.80% 2.0×10−4 cm−1 1038−1080 nm
Tab.1  The results of the LITMoS test.
Fig.4  Experimental results (blue solid circles) and model fitting (red lines) to cooling efficiency for the 1% (a), 5% (b) and 10% (c) Yb3+:YAG crystals at 300 K.
Fig.5  The cooling windows of the 1% (a), 5% (b) and 10% (c) Yb3+:YAG crystals. The blue and red regions correspond to the cooling and heating regimes, respectively, with the dotted lines representing ηc = 0.
Fig.6  (a) Steady-state temperature of the 1%, 5% and 10% Yb3+:YAG crystals versus the power of pumping laser. Dots represent the measurement data and lines represent the model prediction. (b) Time-dependent evolution of the 1%, 5% and 10% Yb3+:YAG crystals.
Fig.7  (a) Concentration dependence of the mean fluorescence wavelength λf (300 K). (b) Concentration dependence of the external quantum efficiency ηext. (c) The background absorption coefficients of each sample. The red line indicates the average value of the background absorption coefficient (2.3 × 10−4 cm−1). (d) Concentration dependence of the minimum cooling temperature of each sample obtained in the experiment with the pump laser of about 35 W and the g-MAT of each sample with the same average background absorption coefficient (2.3 × 10−4 cm−1).
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