Visualization for physics analysis improvement and applications in BESIII

doi:10.1007/s11467-024-1422-7

Front. Phys.

2024, Vol. 19

Issue (6) : 64201 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-024-1422-7

Visualization for physics analysis improvement and applications in BESIII

Zhi-Jun Li¹, Ming-Kuan Yuan^2,¹, Yun-Xuan Song^3,⁴, Yan-Gu Li⁴, Jing-Shu Li¹, Sheng-Sen Sun^5,⁶, Xiao-Long Wang², Zheng-Yun You¹(

), Ya-Jun Mao⁴

¹. School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
². Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
³. Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
⁴. School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
⁵. Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
⁶. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

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Abstract

Modern particle physics experiments usually rely on highly complex and large-scale spectrometer devices. In high energy physics experiments, visualization helps detector design, data quality monitoring, offline data processing, and has great potential for improving physics analysis. In addition to the traditional physics data analysis based on statistical methods, visualization provides unique intuitive advantages in searching for rare signal events and reducing background noises. By applying the event display tool to several physics analyses in the BESIII experiment, we demonstrate that visualization can benefit potential physics discovery and improve the signal significance. With the development of modern visualization techniques, it is expected to play a more important role in future data processing and physics analysis of particle physics experiments.

Keywords particle physics experiments visualization physics analysis BESIII

Corresponding Author(s): Zheng-Yun You

Issue Date: 05 July 2024

Cite this article:

Zhi-Jun Li,Ming-Kuan Yuan,Yun-Xuan Song, et al. Visualization for physics analysis improvement and applications in BESIII[J]. Front. Phys. , 2024, 19(6): 64201.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fop/EN/10.1007/s11467-024-1422-7
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fop/EN/Y2024/V19/I6/64201

Tab.1 The advantages and disadvantages of statistical cut-based and visualization analysis.

Fig.1 The steps in general statistical cut-based physics analysis (left part) and the supplement of visualization in each step (right part). The two methods can be combined to improve the physics analysis.

Fig.2 Visualization of BESIII detector, where the outermost red part interleaved with white layers is MUC, the blue part is EMC, the yellow part is TOF, the light grey part is MDC, and the central dark grey part is the beam pipe.

Fig.3 GUI of BesVis and display of an example event with 2D (a) and 3D (b) visualization, where the event is

ψ (2 S) → π + π − J / ψ, J / ψ → γ η c, η c → γ γ

from simulation.

Fig.4 (a) An event display simulated for

J / ψ → Λ Λ ¯, Λ ¯ → p ¯ π +, Λ → i n v i s i b l e

. (b) A fake “dark matter signal” in observed data from statistical cut-based analysis. The blue region represents EMC, and the yellow region represents TOF. The inner red hits indicate

p ¯ π +

tracks, while the red squares within the yellow region represent TOF hits. The outermost purple-red bars represent EMC clusters. In (b), the additional EMC hits on the opposite of

p ¯ π +

indicate that this event is a false signal, and the lack of TOF hits implies the reason for the fake signal.

Fig.5 (a)

J / ψ → K + K − π + π −, K − → μ − ν ¯ μ

background events, where the four charged tracks cannot intersect at a single point. (b)

J / ψ → D − μ + ν μ, D − → K + π − π −

signal events, where the four charged tracks can intersect at a single point, indicating they are from the same primary vertex. The display mode is called fisheye view, which amplifies the central region for better observation of the particles' vertices. The green and blue circles represent the stereo and straight wires in MDC, respectively.

Fig.6 Two background events in searching for

ψ (2 S) → e ± μ ∓

. The black lines represent the reconstructed charged tracks. (a) The particle has a

cos θ ≈ 0.85

and passes through the gap between the EMC barrel and endcap. (b) The particle has a

cos θ ≈ 0

and passes through a small gap between EMC crystals pointing to the collision vertex.

Fig.7 Comparison of reaction signals for

n ¯

(a) and

Λ ¯ → n ¯ π 0

(b) in the EMC. The blue part represents the EMC, and the red parts indicate the hits of neutral particles in the EMC. In (a) and (b), the large red hits in the lower half of the EMC are associated with anti-neutron, while the two smaller red hits in the upper half of the EMC in (b) come from

π 0 → γ γ

decay.

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