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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering

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Front Arch Civil Eng Chin    2010, Vol. 4 Issue (4) : 438-449    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-010-0076-4
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Relationship between office workers’ staying and workstation attributes in a non-territorial office using ultra wide band sensor network
Xinnan ZHANG1(), Takashi IZATO2, Junzo MUNENOTO3, Daisuke MATSUSHITA4, Tetsu YOSHIDA5
1. Department of Architecture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan; 2. Architecture & Engineering Division, TAISEI Corporation Tokyo 163-0606, Japan; 3. Department of Architecture, Okayama University of Science; 4. Department of Architecture, Okayama University of Science, Okayama 700-0005, Japan; 5. Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kotyo 615-8540, Japan
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Abstract

This paper investigates the staying and moving characteristics of office workers in a non-territorial office using an ultra wide band (UWB) impulse radio sensor network. The differences between office workers’ staying and moving are clarified according to the individual workstation type that they select. The study determines the characteristics of each type of workstation. By clarifying office workers’ preference for staying and moving with regard to individual workstation types and office worker post, the reasons why office workers in different posts tended to select different types of workstations were revealed. Specifically, leaders tended to select workstations at the “inner meeting corner side” most frequently, as they had a greater need to stay in other areas. In contrast, ordinary staff needed to visit office workers in other areas less often, and as such, they tended to select individual workstations at the “middle meeting corner side.” Barring this, they tended to select individual workstations at the “middle corridor side” or “outer-meeting corner side.” Temporary staff members had little need to visit or stay at other places so they tended to select individual workstations at the “window side,” which is seldom visited or stayed at by other office workers and they could be disturbed less often from their solo work.
Keywords workplace      non-territorial office      staying behavior      ultra wide band (UWB)      sensor network     
Corresponding Author(s): ZHANG Xinnan,Email:ap.zhang1xn@archi.kyoto-u.ac.jp   
Issue Date: 05 December 2010
 Cite this article:   
Xinnan ZHANG,Takashi IZATO,Junzo MUNENOTO, et al. Relationship between office workers’ staying and workstation attributes in a non-territorial office using ultra wide band sensor network[J]. Front Arch Civil Eng Chin, 2010, 4(4): 438-449.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fsce/EN/10.1007/s11709-010-0076-4
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fsce/EN/Y2010/V4/I4/438
Fig.1  Composition of UWB sensor network system
Fig.2  UWB sensor tag (up) and acceleration sensor (down)
group attributeposition attributesum
leadersordinary staffstemporary staffs
architecture group15[8]14[46]8[1]27[55]
architecture group26[17]17[59]7[16]30[92]
architecture group32[9]4[9]2[4]8[22]
structure group2[4]12[45]1[0]15[49]
equipment group2[5]13[33]5[4]20[42]
sum17[43]60[192]23[25]100[260]
Tab.1  Office worker’s number in free-address workplace and investigated frequency
Fig.3  Plan of investegated office
Fig.4  Division of zones
Fig.5  Definition of staying location
working territoryother territory
area 1area 2area 3area 4
meeting corner zonecorridor corner zonewindow side zonemeeting corner zonecorridor corner zonewindow side zonemeeting corner zonecorridor corner zonewindow side zonemeeting corner zonecorridor corner zonewindow side zonemeeting spaceadministration spaceservice space ( locker range and copy range)
Z1-Z4M1,M2W1-W6Z5-Z8M3,M4W7-W9Z9-Z12M5,M6W10-W12Z13-Z16M7,M8W13-W15A1A2A3-A6
Tab.2  Classification of zone IDs in Fig. 4
Fig.6  Classification of workstations
Notes:
① window side: located beside the window, with a locker behind
② inner meeting corner side: located next to the inner main corridor and beside the meeting corner
③ middle meeting corner side: located between two meeting corners
④ outer meeting corner side: located next to the outer main corridor and beside the meeting corner
⑤ inner corridor side: located next to the vertical corridor and inner main corridor
⑥ middle corridor side: located only next to the vertical corridor
⑦ outer corridor side: located next to the vertical corridor and outer main corridor
Fig.7  Original database
moving inside officestaying at
working territoryother territoryoutside office
individual workstation nearbysame areaother areameeting spaceservice spaceadministration space
6.3%67.1%5.4%6.1%1.1%0.4%0.5%13.0%
Tab.3  Office workers’ staying and moving duration rate
moving inside staying at
officeindividual workstation nearbyworking territoryother territoryoutside office
same areaother areameeting spaceservice spaceadministration space
7.15 2.280.710.910.050.540.150.92
Tab.4  Office workers’ staying and moving frequency/(t·h)
staying atsame areaother area
meeting corner zonecorridor side zonewindow side zonemeeting corner zonecorridor side zonewindow side zone
duration rate3.8%1.4%0.3%4.5%1.5%0.1%
frequency/(t·h-1)0.430.240.040.520.350.04
Tab.5  Office workers’ staying and moving duration rate and frequency in each zone of different area
all officers' staying and moving duration rate/%moving inside officestaying at
individual workstation nearbysame areaother areaoutside office
meeting corner zonecorridor side zonesummeeting corner zonecorridor side zonesum
window side6.7% [0.04]66.0% [0.15]4.5% [0.07]1.9% [0.03]7.0% [0.08]3.5% [0.07]1.5% [0.02]5.1% [0.08]13.2% [0.12]
inner meeting corner side7.7% [0.04]*58.1% [0.18]**2.3% [0.04]*2.2% [0.05]4.5% [0.06]4.5% [0.07]1.9% [0.04]6.7% [0.1]21.2% [0.17]**
middle meeting corner side4.9% [0.02]**72.4% [0.17]*1.5% [0.04]**1.3% [0.02]2.9% [0.05]**2.8% [0.07]*1.0% [0.02]**3.9% [0.08]*12.6% [0.15]
outer meeting corner side6.1% [0.04]72.6% [0.12]*3.6% [0.08]1.9% [0.05]5.5% [0.09]5.2% [0.09]2.3% [0.06]7.6% [0.1]7.1% [0.09]**
inner corridor side6.4% [0.02]66.4% [0.18]3.9% [0.05]1.5% [0.03]5.8% [0.08]5.2% [0.1]1.6% [0.03]6.9% [0.1]13.9% [0.12]
middle corridor side6.5% [0.03]65.5% [0.15]5.6% [0.1]0.5% [0.01]**6.9% [0.1]5.4% [0.06]1.2% [0.02]6.7% [0.07]12.5% [0.12]
outer corridor side6.5% [0.03]65.7% [0.16]6.2% [0.1]0.3% [0.01]**6.6% [0.11]6.9% [0.13]1.4% [0.02]8.4% [0.14]10.5% [0.13]
mean6.3%67.1%3.8%1.4%5.4%4.5%1.5%6.1%13.0%
Tab.6  All office workers’ staying and moving duration rates according to workstation type
all officers' staying and moving frequencymoving insidestaying at
officeindividual workstation nearbysame areaother areaoutside office
meeting corner zonecorridor side zonesummeeting corner zonecorridor side zoneSum
window side7.80 [2.5]*1.94 [1.87]0.56 [0.5]*0.40 [0.42]**1.02 [0.86]*0.56 [0.6]0.31 [0.3]0.91 [0.78]1.22 [0.75]
inner meeting corner side7.77 [3.36]2.29 [1.37]0.30 [0.28]**0.44 [0.62]*0.76 [0.64]0.50 [0.57]0.42 [0.46]0.98 [1.02]1.05 [0.5]
middle meeting corner side5.86 [1.59]**1.99 [1]*0.18 [0.37]**0.23 [0.29]0.43 [0.56]**0.31 [0.43]**0.22 [0.21]**0.57 [0.61]**0.85 [0.57]*
outer meeting corner side6.99 [3.07]3.38 [1.88]**0.08 [0.16]**0.23 [0.27]0.36 [0.29]**0.47 [0.59]0.48 [0.7]0.99 [0.77]0.58 [0.49]**
inner corridor side7.00 [2.63]2.37 [1.3]0.48 [0.59]0.18 [0.31]0.70 [0.83]0.53 [0.87]0.33 [0.49]0.89 [1.27]0.91 [0.56]
middle corridor side7.68 [2.63]2.03 [1.22]0.76 [0.94]*0.15 [0.2]**0.97 [1]*0.63 [0.5]0.45 [0.46]1.12 [0.86]*0.97 [0.39]
outer corridor side8.09 [3.8]2.69 [2.5]0.70 [1.12]0.06 [0.16]**0.77 [1.15]0.82 [0.92]*0.34 [0.39]1.20 [1.15]*0.86 [0.52]*
mean7.152.280.430.230.710.520.350.911.04
Tab.7  All office workers’ staying and moving frequencies according to workstation type/(t·h)
individual workstation typepostinvestigated frequencyseat numberselecting ration
window sideL5260.40
OS280.50
TS101.38*
inner meeting corner sideL982.35*
OS201.17*
TS20.90
middle meeting corner sideL8161.05*
OS451.32*
TS51.13*
outer meeting corner sideL481.05*
OS251.46*
TS00.00
inner corridor sideL781.83*
OS150.88
TS10.45
middle corridor sideL7160.92
OS361.05*
TS40.90
outer corridor sideL380.78
OS231.35*
TS31.35*
sum (without classification)L4390-
OS192-
TS25-
L: leaders　OS: ordinary staffs　TS: temporary staffs
*: selecting ration is bigger than 1
Tab.8  Selecting ration on each workstation type for office workers in different posts
individual workstation typepostmoving inside officestaying at
individual workstation nearbysame areaother areaoutside office
meeting corner zonecorridor side zonesum (including window zone)meeting corner zonecorridor side zonesum (Including window zone)
window sideL7.0% [0.03]61.8% [0.14]7.7% [0.09]1.2% [0.01]9.0% [0.09]6.0% [0.07]1.1% [0.01]7.4% [0.07]12.0% [0.11]
OS7.1% [0.04]64.5% [0.16]5.0% [0.08]2.3% [0.04]8.0% [0.09]3.4% [0.08]1.5% [0.02]5.0% [0.09]13.5% [0.13]
TS5.6% [0.02]*72.3% [0.14]1.4% [0.03]1.2% [0.01]3.2% [0.04]2.5% [0.03]1.8% [0.03]4.4% [0.03]12.7% [0.09]*
inner-meeting corner sideL10.1% [0.04]*48.4% [0.16]*2.9% [0.04]1.2% [0.02]4.1% [0.04]9.5% [0.06]*2.3% [0.02]12.1% [0.8]*21.3% [0.15]
OS6.9% [0.03]59.9% [0.16]*2.2% [0.05]*1.8% [0.05]4.1% [0.06]2.8% [0.06]1.9% [0.04]4.9% [0.08]23.2% [0.17]**
TS4.7% [0.03]83.0% [0.11]0.7% [0]10.0% [0.06]10.7% [0.06]0.0% [0]0.0% [0]0.0% [0]1.6% [0.02]
middle-meeting corner sideL4.7% [0.01]**68.3% [0.2]0.7% [0.02]**0.9% [0.02]1.6% [0.02]**0.2% [0]**1.4% [0.03]1.7% [0.03]**18.4% [0.2]
OS5.2% [0.02]**71.7% [0.17]*1.7% [0.05]**1.6% [0.03]3.4% [0.06]**3.0% [0.07]0.9% [0.01]**4.2% [0.09]*12.2% [0.14]
TS3.1% [0]**84.5% [0.04]*0.1% [0]**0.2% [0]**0.3% [0]**4.8% [0.03]0.7% [0.01]5.5% [0.03]6.1% [0.04]
outer-meeting corner sideL4.2% [0.02]70.0% [0.1]12.0% [0.14]0.4% [0.01]*12.4% [0.13]2.9% [0.05]0.5% [0]**3.4% [0.05]9.9% [0.13]
OS6.4% [0.04]73.0% [0.13]*2.2% [0.06]2.1% [0.05]4.4% [0.07]5.5% [0.1]2.6% [0.07]8.3% [0.11]6.7% [0.08]**
TS------------------
inner-corridor sideL7.1% [0.02]69.8% [0.17]2.8% [0.05]2.1% [0.05]5.6% [0.09]2.9% [0.04]0.7% [0.02]3.6% [0.05]13.2% [0.08]
OS6.4% [0.02]63.9% [0.17]4.4% [0.06]1.3% [0.02]6.2% [0.07]5.9% [0.11]2.1% [0.03]8.1% [0.12]15.0% [0.14]
TS2.2% [0]87.3% [0]0.9% [0]0.0% [0]0.9% [0]9.6% [0]0.0% [0]9.6% [0]0.0% [0]
middle-corridor sideL7.0% [0.02]62.2% [0.11]2.3% [0.03]0.7% [0.01]2.9% [0.03]5.0% [0.06]0.8% [0.01]*5.8% [0.07]18.5% [0.08]
OS6.5% [0.03]64.5% [0.16]6.1% [0.11]0.5% [0.01]**7.6% [0.11]5.8% [0.07]1.4% [0.02]7.4% [0.07]12.5% [0.13]
TS5.0% [0.01]79.2% [0.04]7.5% [0.07]0.7% [0.01]*8.5% [0.07]2.8% [0.04]0.2% [0]**2.9% [0.04]2.5% [0.01]**
outer-corridor sideL6.3% [0.02]58.6% [0.15]0.5% [0.01]**0.0% [0]0.5% [0.01]**2.3% [0.03]1.4% [0.02]3.7% [0.05]30.3% [0.22]
OS7.0% [0.03]64.1% [0.16]7.5% [0.11]0.3% [0.01]**7.9% [0.11]7.9% [0.15]1.5% [0.02]9.5% [0.15]8.6% [0.09]*
TS3.5% [0.02]85.0% [0.05]1.6% [0.02]0.0% [0]1.9% [0.02]4.2% [0.03]0.1% [0]**4.4% [0.04]4.9% [0.01]*
meanL6.9%62.1%3.6%1.0%4.8%4.8%1.3%5.8%17.5%
OS6.3%66.7%4.0%1.4%5.8%4.6%1.6%6.5%12.7%
TS4.5%78.9%2.1%1.4%3.8%3.3%0.9%4.2%7.4%
Tab.9  Office of different posts staying and moving duration rate according to workstation type
individual workstation typepostmoving insidestaying at
officeindividual workstation nearbysame areaother areaoutside office
meeting corner zonecorridor side zonesum (including window zone)meeting corner zonecorridor side zonesum (Including window zone)
window sideL7.79 [2.21]1.37 [0.61]*0.86 [1.02]0.23 [0.22]1.15 [0.95]0.87 [0.69]0.44 [0.23]1.40 [0.79]1.26 [0.67]
OS7.68 [3.95]2.06 [2.13]0.60 [0.57]0.42 [0.42]*1.08 [0.86]*0.45 [0.55]0.31 [0.33]0.79 [0.78]1.13 [0.79]
TS8.14 [1.5]*1.88 [1.4]0.32 [0.59]0.40 [0.46]0.77 [0.75]0.70 [0.59]0.26 [0.23]1.00 [0.65]1.27 [0.59]*
inner-meeting corner sideL8.94 [3.48]2.17 [0.99]0.30 [0.29]0.37 [0.55]0.67 [0.48]0.91 [0.5]*0.72 [0.5]*1.69 [1.08]*1.03 [0.63]
OS6.88 [2.95]2.11 [1.22]0.27 [0.28]**0.34 [0.59]0.66 [0.64]0.35 [0.46]0.31 [0.38]0.70 [0.83]1.05 [0.39]
TS7.44 [4.54]3.46 [2.88]0.38 [0.2]1.44 [0.28]1.81 [0.07]*0.00 [0]0.00 [0]0.00 [0]0.58 [0.68]
middle-meeting corner sideL5.60 [1.62]*1.52 [0.68]*0.09 [0.1]**0.15 [0.27]0.25 [0.23]**0.18 [0.35]*0.23 [0.24]0.45 [0.34]**1.02 [0.42]
OS6.00 [1.63]**2.07 [1.06]*0.21 [0.41]**0.26 [0.31]0.50 [0.62]**0.32 [0.46]**0.22 [0.21]**0.59 [0.67]**0.82 [0.62]*
TS4.98 [0.61]**1.95 [0.62]0.04 [0.07]**0.05 [0.06]**0.16 [0.12]**0.46 [0.2]0.20 [0.16]0.66 [0.23]0.69 [0.15]*
outer-meeting corner sideL4.79 [0.86]**2.77 [0.24]**0.14 [0.14]*0.08 [0.13]0.21 [0.12]**0.18 [0.12]**0.29 [0.23]0.47 [0.33]*0.44 [0.31]*
OS7.34 [3.15]3.48 [2]**0.08 [0.16]**0.26 [0.27]0.38 [0.3]**0.52 [0.62]0.50 [0.74]1.07 [0.78]0.60 [0.51]**
TS------------------
inner-corridor sideL6.15 [1.1]2.48 [0.94]0.17 [0.17]*0.07 [0.12]*0.32 [0.25]*0.33 [0.3]0.07 [0.09]**0.44 [0.38]**0.95 [0.28]
OS7.48 [2.92]2.31 [1.44]0.61 [0.67]0.23 [0.36]0.86 [0.94]0.57 [1]0.45 [0.55]1.05 [1.47]0.95 [0.61]
TS4.25 [0]2.71 [0]0.39 [0]0.00 [0]0.39 [0]1.16 [0]0.00 [0]1.16 [0]0.00 [0]
middle-corridor sideL7.29 [2.27]3.08 [2.02]0.47 [0.42]0.11 [0.15]0.60 [0.49]0.50 [0.27]0.25 [0.25]0.76 [0.43]0.94 [0.2]
OS7.52 [2.81]1.74 [0.86]**0.77 [1.02]*0.13 [0.2]**0.96 [1.05]0.68 [0.54]*0.51 [0.49]1.24 [0.91]*0.96 [0.43]
TS7.77 [1.45]2.13 [0.76]0.97 [0.81]0.32 [0.17]1.43 [1.01]0.27 [0.31]0.17 [0.17]0.45 [0.42]0.75 [0]
outer-corridor sideL5.60 [1.54]0.91 [0.21]**0.32 [0.31]0.00 [0]0.32 [0.31]1.04 [0.88]0.08 [0.12]*1.13 [0.99]0.88 [0.46]
OS8.78 [3.86]*3.07 [2.67]0.83 [1.22]0.07 [0.18]**0.91 [1.24]0.80 [0.97]0.40 [0.41]1.25 [1.22]0.86 [0]
TS5.32 [2.43]1.58 [0.41]0.08 [0.05]**0.00 [0]0.16 [0.15]*0.73 [0.45]0.15 [0.04]0.88 [0.46]0.70 [0.37]
mean (without classification)L6.842.120.320.170.510.550.330.930.99
OS7.282.360.460.240.750.510.370.920.91
TS6.902.060.350.270.750.530.190.750.90
Tab.10  Office of different posts staying and moving frequency according to workstation type/(t·h)
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