Concept and requirements of sustainable development in bridge engineering

doi:10.1007/s11709-011-0126-6

Front Arch Civil Eng Chin

2011, Vol. 5

Issue (4) : 432-450 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-011-0126-6

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Concept and requirements of sustainable development in bridge engineering

Yaojun GE(

), Haifan XIANG

State Key Laboratory for Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China

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Abstract

The concept of sustainability is described in this paper using a single sustainable principle, two goals of sustainable development, three dimensions of sustainable engineering, four sustainable requirements and five phases of sustainable construction. Four sustainable requirements and their practice in China are discussed in particular. The safe reliability of bridges is first compared with the events of bridge failure in China and in the rest of the world and followed by structural durability, including the cracking of concrete cable-stayed bridges, deflection of concrete girder bridges and fatigue cracks of orthotropic steel decks. With respect to functional adaptability, lateral wind action on vehicles and its improvement are introduced regarding a sea-crossing bridge located in a typhoon-prone area. The Chinese practice of using two double main span suspension bridges and a twin parallel deck cable-stayed bridge is presented in discussing the final sustainable requirement: capacity extensibility.

Keywords sustainable engineering safe reliability structural durability functional adaptability capacity extensibility

Corresponding Author(s): GE Yaojun,Email:yaojunge@tongji.edu.cn

Issue Date: 05 December 2011

Cite this article:

Yaojun GE,Haifan XIANG. Concept and requirements of sustainable development in bridge engineering[J]. Front Arch Civil Eng Chin, 2011, 5(4): 432-450.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fsce/EN/10.1007/s11709-011-0126-6
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fsce/EN/Y2011/V5/I4/432

Fig.1 Conceptual framework of sustainability

Tab.1 Type and number of failed bridges

Tab.2 Types of failures and phase of failure occurrences

Tab.3 Type and number of failure causes

Tab.4 Cracking of some typical concrete cable-stayed bridges

Tab.5 Crack distribution in the box girder of Jinan Yellow River Bridge

Fig.2 Deck cross section of Ningbo Yongjiang Bridge. (a) Original concrete twin-rib cross section; (b) final composite cross section

Tab.6 Deflection of some typical PC girder bridges

Fig.3 Cross section of orthotropic steel box of Humen Bridge

Fig.4 U-rib details of orthotropic steel deck of Humen Bridge

Fig.5 Classification of typical fatigue cracks observed

Fig.6 Three initial types of Pattern A cracks. (a) Welding intersection of the diaphragm and U-rib; (b) middle of two adjacent diaphragms; (c) filed connection of deck plate

Fig.7 Pattern B cracks

Fig.8 Pattern C cracks

Fig.9 Pattern D cracks

Fig.10 Pattern E cracks

Fig.11 Daily vehicle volume

Fig.12 Distribution of vehicle weight

Tab.7 Wind speeds at the key levels when = 27 m/s

Fig.13 Corresponding cross sections of Jintang Bridge

Tab.8 Reduced lateral wind speed coefficients for four cross sections

Tab.9 Reduced lateral wind speed coefficients of nine wind barriers

Fig.14 Layout of wind barriers (a) for steel box girders, and (b) for concrete box girders

Fig.15 Turbulent wind speeds around bridge decks (a) for steel box girder, and (b) for concrete box girder

Fig.16 Mean wind profiles above bridge decks (a) for steel box girder, and (b) for concrete box girder

Fig.17 Anhui Maanshan Bridge and its comparison scheme (unit: m). (a) (1080+ 1080) m double main-span scheme; (b) 2160-m single main-span scheme

Tab.10 The first and second natural frequencies of Mssnshan Bridge

Fig.18 Longitudinal shapes of the central pylon. (a) A-shaped pylon; (b) I-shaped pylon; (c) inverse Y-shaped pylon

Fig.19 General layout of the Jiangsu Taizhou Bridge

Tab.11 Comparison of the first and second natural frequencies of Taishou Bridge

Fig.20 Span arrangement of the Ningbo Yongjiang Bridge

Fig.21 Alternative shapes of bridge pylons (unit: m). (a) Twin-diamond-shaped (b) twin-H-shaped

Fig.22 Alternative cross sections of bridge deck (unit: m). (a) Closed box; (b) twin separated boxes

Tab.12 Comparison of the fundamental natural frequencies of the six combinations

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