The influence of hand hole on the ultimate strength and crack pattern of shield tunnel segment joints by scaled model test

doi:10.1007/s11709-019-0546-2

Front. Struct. Civ. Eng.

2019, Vol. 13

Issue (5) : 1200-1213 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-019-0546-2

RESEARCH ARTICLE

The influence of hand hole on the ultimate strength and crack pattern of shield tunnel segment joints by scaled model test

Shaochun WANG, Xi JIANG, Yun BAI(

)

Department of Geotechnical Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China

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Abstract

With the shield tunnel going deeper and deeper, the circumferential axial force becomes the governing factor rather than the bending moment. The hand hole acts as a weak point and initial damage in the segment joint especially when the circumferential axial force is extremely high. Despite the wide application of steel fiber or synthetic fiber in the tunneling, limited researches focus on the structural responses of segment joint with macro structural synthetic fiber (MSSF). In this paper, a 1:2 reduced-scale experiment was conducted to study the structural performance of the segment joint with different types of hand holes under ultra-high axial force. Special attention is paid to failure mode and structural performance (bearing capacity, deformation, cracking, and toughness). Moreover, segment joints with MSSF are also tested to evaluate the effects of MSSF on the failure mode and structural performance of the segment joints. The experiment results show that the hand hole becomes the weakest point of the segment joint under ultra-high axial force. A \ /-type crack pattern is always observed before the final failure of the segment joints. Different types and sizes of the hand hole have different degree of influences on the structural behavior of segment joints. The segment joint with MSSF shows higher ultimate bearing capacity and toughness compared to segment joint with common concrete. Besides, the MSSF improves the initial cracking load and anti-spallling resistance of the segment joint.

Keywords shield tunneling structural synthetic fiber concrete hand hole segment joint ultimate bearing capacity crack pattern

Corresponding Author(s): Yun BAI

Just Accepted Date: 27 May 2019 Online First Date: 08 July 2019 Issue Date: 11 September 2019

Cite this article:

Shaochun WANG,Xi JIANG,Yun BAI. The influence of hand hole on the ultimate strength and crack pattern of shield tunnel segment joints by scaled model test[J]. Front. Struct. Civ. Eng., 2019, 13(5): 1200-1213.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fsce/EN/10.1007/s11709-019-0546-2
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fsce/EN/Y2019/V13/I5/1200

Tab.1 Joint component geometry details

Fig.1 Simplicity and equivalence of the segment joints

Fig.2 Geometry and reinforcement details of segment joints. (a) Front view and cross section B-B′; (b) cross section A-A′ and steel strain gauge locations; (c) concrete strain gauge locations. (unit: mm)

Tab.2 Structural synthetic fiber properties

Tab.3 Concrete properties

bar	type	usage	diameter (mm)	area (mm²)	f_y (MPa)	$ε y$	E_s (GPa)
steel18	deformed bar	longitudinal reinforcement	18	254.3	465	0.0023	200
steel12	deformed bar	longitudinal reinforcement	12	113.0	478	0.0024	200
steel10	plain bar	transverse reinforcement	10	78.4	423	0.0022	190

Tab.4 Steel bar properties

Fig.3 Overview of the test setup

Tab.5 Compressive strength of the concrete

Fig.4 General behavior of the tested segment joints

joint	f_c (MPa)	P_fcr (kN)	P_yi (kN)	P_fp (kN)	P_max (kN)	$P f c r P max$	$P y i P f p$	δ_yi (mm)	δ_fp (mm)	δ_max (mm)	$δ y i δ f p$
JS_REC_0_1.93_A	59.19	700	2460	2560	2657	0.263	0.961	0.354	0.376	0.376	0.941
JS_REC_0_1.93_B	60.52	800	2480	2567	3015	0.265	0.966	0.379	0.396	−	0.957
JS_REC_0_1.93_C	60.25	700	2790	2878	2878	0.243	0.969	0.424	0.439	0.439	0.966
JB_REC_0_1.93_A	60.25	1100	3300	3374	3374	0.326	0.978	0.485	0.529	0.529	0.917
JB_REC_0_1.93_B	59.19	1000	2510	2742	3090	0.324	0.915	0.306	0.349	−	0.877
JB_REC_0_1.93_C	60.52	1100	3250	3414	3414	0.322	0.952	0.501	−	−
JI_TRA_0_1.93_A	60.37	1400	3421	3667	3705	0.378	0.933	0.580	0.655	0.978	0.885
JI_TRA_0_1.93_B	60.37	1300	3320	3482	3482	0.373	0.953	0.538	0.578	0.578	0.931
JI_TRA_0_1.93_C	60.15	1400	3335	3534	3701	0.378	0.944	0.498	0.538	0.714	0.926
JI_STM_0_1.93_A	60.23	1500	3700	3954	3954	0.379	0.936	0.762	0.922	0.922	0.826
JI_STM_0_1.93_B	60.52	1500	3290	3860	3860	0.389	0.852	0.701	0.894	0.894	0.784
JI_STM_0_1.93_C	60.23	1400	3200	3437	3437	0.407	0.931	0.660	0.725	0.725	0.910
JI_REC_0_1.93_A	59.55	1600	3190	3900	3900	0.410	0.818	0.602	0.855	0.855	0.704
JI_REC_0_1.93_B	59.73	1500	3650	3751	3751	0.400	0.973	0.665	0.687	0.687	0.968
JI_REC_0_1.93_C	59.73	1200	2835	3380	3380	0.385	0.839	0.568	0.695	0.695	0.817
JI_REC_0.55_1.93_A	59.57	1900	4110	4172	4172	0.455	0.985	0.749	0.753	0.753	0.995
JI_REC_0.55_1.93_B	59.1	1900	3650	3681	4107	0.463	0.992	0.730	0.738	1.841	0.989
JI_REC_0.55_1.93_C	60.37	1600	4105	4213	4213	0.404	0.974	0.792	0.904	0.904	0.876
JI_REC_0.55_0_A	60.62	1300	3060	3189	3189	0.408	0.960	0.512	0.607	0.607	0.843
JI_REC_0.55_0_B	60.18	1300	3222	3226	3226	0.403	0.999	0.522	0.523	0.523	0.998
JI_REC_0.55_0_C	59.45	1300	2655	2975	2975	0.437	0.892	0.434	0.533	0.533	0.814
COL_STD_0_1.93_A	60.12	1700	3950	4109	4109	0.414	0.961	0.876	0.933	0.933	0.939
COL_STD_0_1.93_B	60.12	1800	3708	4219	4219	0.427	0.879	0.881	1.454	1.454	0.606
COL_STD_0_1.93_C	60.12	1900	3678	4117	4117	0.462	0.893	0.790	1.715	1.715	0.461

Tab.6 Summary of test results

Fig.5 Ultimate failure mode of test specimens

Fig.6 Failure process of representative joints: (a) RC joint (b) MSSF joint

Fig.7 Load-deformation relationship of all specimens

Fig.8 Influences of hand holes with different sizes on segment joints

Fig.9 Influences of hand holes with different shapes on segment joints

Fig.10 Influence of MSSF on segment joints

Fig.11 Tensile and compressive concrete strain of segment joints around the hand hole: (a) tensile strain; (b) compressive strain

Fig.12 Tensile and compressive steel strain of segment joints around the hand hole: (a) tensile strain; (b) compressive strain

Tab.7 Concrete strain magnification coefficient of different segment joints

Tab.8 Joint toughness

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