Effect of wood dust type on mechanical properties, wear behavior, biodegradability, and resistance to natural weathering of wood-plastic composites

doi:10.1007/s11709-019-0568-9

Front. Struct. Civ. Eng.

2019, Vol. 13

Issue (6) : 1446-1462 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-019-0568-9

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Effect of wood dust type on mechanical properties, wear behavior, biodegradability, and resistance to natural weathering of wood-plastic composites

Sawan KUMAR^1,², Ajitanshu VEDRTNAM^1,^2,^3,⁴(

), S. J. PAWAR¹

¹. Department of Applied Mechanics, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Allahabad, UP 211004, India
². Department of Mechanical Engineering, Invertis University, Bareilly, UP 243001, India
³. Vinoba Bhave Research Institute, Allahabad, UP 211004, India
⁴. Translational Research Centre, Institute of Advanced Materials, VBRI, Linkoping 58330, Sweden

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Abstract

The present work reports the inclusion of different proportions of Mango/Sheesham/Mahogany/Babool dust to polypropylene for improving mechanical, wear behavior and biodegradability of wood-plastic composite (WPC). The wood dust (10%, 15%, 20% by weight) was mixed with polypropylene granules and WPCs were prepared using an injection molding technique. The mechanical, wear, and morphological characterizations of fabricated WPCs were carried out using standard ASTM methods, pin on disk apparatus, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Further, the biodegradability and resistance to natural weathering of WPCs were evaluated following ASTM D5338-11 and ASTM D1435-99, respectively. The WPCs consisting of Babool and Sheesham dust were having superior mechanical properties whereas the WPCs consisting of Mango and Mahogany were more wear resistant. It was found that increasing wood powder proportion results in higher Young’s modulus, lesser wear rate, and decreased stress at break. The WPCs made of Sheesham dust were least biodegradable. It was noticed that the biodegradability corresponds with resistance to natural weathering; more biodegradable WPCs were having the lesser resistance to natural weathering.

Keywords wood-plastic composites mechanical testing wear biodegradability injection molding weathering

Corresponding Author(s): Ajitanshu VEDRTNAM

Just Accepted Date: 26 July 2019 Online First Date: 23 September 2019 Issue Date: 21 November 2019

Cite this article:

Sawan KUMAR,Ajitanshu VEDRTNAM,S. J. PAWAR. Effect of wood dust type on mechanical properties, wear behavior, biodegradability, and resistance to natural weathering of wood-plastic composites[J]. Front. Struct. Civ. Eng., 2019, 13(6): 1446-1462.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fsce/EN/10.1007/s11709-019-0568-9
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fsce/EN/Y2019/V13/I6/1446

Fig.1 (a) Photograph of wood-plastic composite samples; (b) photographs of experimental setups used 1) pin on disk, 2) tensile testing, 3) three-point bending, 4) impact, 5) injection molding, 6) effect of weathering.

Fig.2 Tensile test results for samples. (a) Including 10% Babool wood; (b) including 15% Babool wood; (c) including 20% Babool wood; (d) including 10% Mango wood; (e) including 15% Mango wood; (f) including 20% Mango wood; (g) including 10% Sheesham wood; (h) including 15% Sheesham wood; (i) including 20% Sheesham wood; (j) including 10% Mahogany wood; (k) Including 15% Mahogany wood; (l) including 20% Mahogany wood.

Fig.3 Comparison of tensile strength of different woods.

Fig.4 Comparison of bending strength of different woods.

Fig.5 Comparison of Charpy fracture energy of different woods.

Fig.6 Comparison of Izod fracture energy of different woods.

Fig.7 Comparison of hardness of different wood.

Fig.8 Comparison of wear behavior of WPCs.

Fig.9 SEM images (30 µm) of the WPC samples (20% Sheesum wood floor). (a) Without weathering; (b) with weathering after the wear test.

Fig.10 SEM images (100 µm) of the fractured WPC samples. (a) 30% Babool wood floor; (b) 5% Babool wood floor after tensile test.

Tab.1 Effect of weathering on behavior of WPCs.

Fig.11 Probability plots for (a) Cox-Snell residuals and (b) standardized residuals of TS, BS, IS, and wear.

Fig.12 (a) Empirical CDF and (b) probability plots of TS, BS, IS, Wear, TS-NW, BS-NW, IS-NW, wear-NW.

Fig.13 Surface plots of (a) TS, BS, IS, and (b) TS-NW, BS-NW, IS-NW.

Fig.14 Summary of statistical results for (a) wear-NW and (b) wear.

Tab.2 Analysis of variance for wear-NW

Fig.15 (a) Interaction and (b) main effect plots for wear-NW.

Fig.16 (a) Orthogonal/least squares fitted lines and (b) bubble plots for wear-NW.

Tab.3 Results of experimentation on biodegradability of WPCs.

Fig.17 Summary statistical report of experimentation on biodegradability after (a) 0 days, (b) 21 days subjected to earth degradation (ED), and (c) 21 days subjected to water degradation (WD).

Fig.18 Probability plot for biodegradability experiment.

Fig.19 (a) Time series and (b) dot plot for biodegradability of WPCs.

Fig.20 Residue plots for biodegradability results (a) 21-ED and (b) 21-WD.

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