Frost heave and freezing processes of saturated rock with an open crack under different freezing conditions

doi:10.1007/s11709-020-0638-z

Front. Struct. Civ. Eng.

2020, Vol. 14

Issue (4) : 947-960 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-020-0638-z

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Frost heave and freezing processes of saturated rock with an open crack under different freezing conditions

Zhitao LV^1,², Caichu XIA^1,²(

), Yuesong WANG^1,², Ziliang LIN^1,²

¹. Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
². Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China

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Abstract

Frost heave experiments on saturated sandstone and tuff with an open crack are conducted under uniform and unidirectional freezing conditions. Frost heave of crack in sandstone with high permeability is more significant under uniform freezing condition than that under unidirectional freezing condition. However, frost heave of crack in tuff with low permeability is more significant under unidirectional freezing condition. To illustrate the reasons for this phenomenon, a numerical model on the freezing processes of saturated rock with an open crack considering the latent heat of pore water and water in crack is proposed and confirmed to be reliable. Numerical results show that a frozen shell that blocks the migration of water in crack to rock develops first in the outer part of the rock before the freezing of water in crack under uniform freezing condition. However, the migration path of water in crack to the unfrozen rock under freezing front exists under unidirectional freezing condition. The freezing process and permeability of rock together determine the migration of water in crack and lead to the different frost heave modes of crack for various permeable rocks under different freezing conditions. The frost heave modes of crack in rock with low or high permeability are similar under uniform freezing condition because water migration is blocked by a frozen shell and is irrelevant to rock permeability. For high permeability rock, the frost heave of crack will be weakened due to water migration under unidirectional freezing condition; however, the frost heave of crack would be more significant for low permeability rock because water migration is blocked under unidirectional freezing condition. Therefore, the freezing condition and rock permeability determine the frost heave of rock with crack together, and this should be concerned in cold regions engineering applications.

Keywords frost heave rock with crack freezing process freezing condition frost heave mode

Corresponding Author(s): Caichu XIA

Online First Date: 24 July 2020 Issue Date: 27 August 2020

Cite this article:

Zhitao LV,Caichu XIA,Yuesong WANG, et al. Frost heave and freezing processes of saturated rock with an open crack under different freezing conditions[J]. Front. Struct. Civ. Eng., 2020, 14(4): 947-960.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fsce/EN/10.1007/s11709-020-0638-z
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fsce/EN/Y2020/V14/I4/947

Tab.1 Physical and mechanical parameters of sandstone and tuff

Fig.1 Schematic of the specimen with an open crack.

Fig.2 Equipment used in the unidirectional freezing experiment.

Fig.3 Frost heave of open crack in sandstone under (a) uniform and (b) unidirectional freezing conditions.

Fig.4 Frost heave of open crack in tuff under (a) uniform and (b) unidirectional freezing conditions.

Fig.5 Freezing process of saturated sandstone with an open crack under (a) uniform and (b) unidirectional freezing conditions.

Fig.6 Freezing process of saturated tuff with an open crack under (a) uniform and (b) unidirectional freezing conditions.

Fig.7 Numerical model under (a) uniform and (b) unidirectional freezing conditions (unit: m).

Tab.2 Values of the parameters

Fig.8 Experimental and numerical results of (a) Point A and (b) Point B under uniform freezing condition.

Fig.9 Experimental and numerical results of (a) Point A and (b) Point B under unidirectional freezing condition.

Fig.10 Temperature variation of points at different depths under uniform freezing condition.

Fig.11 Temperature distribution at (a) 100 min, (b) 150 min, and (c) 200 min under uniform freezing condition.

Fig.12 Frost heave mode under uniform freezing condition.

Fig.13 Temperature variation of points at different depths under unidirectional freezing condition.

Fig.14 Temperature distribution at (a) 25 min, (b) 50 min, and (c) 100 min under unidirectional freezing condition.

Fig.15 Frost heave mode under unidirectional freezing condition.

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