Please wait a minute...
Shopping Cart Email List Chinese
Advanced Search Fig/Tab
Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering

ISSN 2095-2430

ISSN 2095-2449(Online)

CN 10-1023/X

Postal Subscription Code 80-968

2018 Impact Factor: 1.272

Featured Articles  |  Most Downloaded  |  Most Reading
Online Submission Subscribe to Our RSS Content Feed
Front. Struct. Civ. Eng.    2020, Vol. 14 Issue (4) : 803-838    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-020-0644-1
REVIEW
Design and construction of super-long span bridges in China: Review and future perspectives
Wei HUANG1, Minshan PEI2, Xiaodong LIU2, Ya WEI3()
1. Intelligent Transportation System Research Center, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
2. China Communications Construction Company Ltd., Beijing 100088, China
3. Department of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
 Download: PDF(5919 KB)   HTML
 Export: BibTeX | EndNote | Reference Manager | ProCite | RefWorks
Abstract

Super-long span bridges demand high design requirements and involve many difficulties when constructed, which is an important indicator to reflect the bridge technical level of a country. Over the past three decades, a large percentage of the new long-span bridges around the world were built in China, and thus, abundant technological innovations and experience have been accumulated during the design and construction. This paper aims to review and summarize the design and construction practices of the superstructure, the substructure, and the steel deck paving of the long-span bridges during the past decades as well as the current operation status of the existing long-span bridges in China. A future perspective was given on the developing trend of high-speed railway bridge, bridge over deep-sea, health monitoring and maintenance, intellectualization, standard system, and information technology, which is expected to guide the development direction for the construction of future super long-span bridges and promote China to become a strong bridge construction country.
Keywords long-span bridges      steel box girder      design technology      construction technology      review and future perspectives     
Corresponding Author(s): Ya WEI   
Online First Date: 21 July 2020    Issue Date: 27 August 2020
 Cite this article:   
Wei HUANG,Minshan PEI,Xiaodong LIU, et al. Design and construction of super-long span bridges in China: Review and future perspectives[J]. Front. Struct. Civ. Eng., 2020, 14(4): 803-838.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fsce/EN/10.1007/s11709-020-0644-1
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fsce/EN/Y2020/V14/I4/803
world ranking bridge name main span (m) completed year award won
2 Hutong Yangtze River Bridge 1092 under construction First Prize of the 2017 National BIM Application Competition
3 Angchuanzhou Bridge 1018 2009
4 Edong Yangtze River Bridge ?926 2010
7 Jiujiang Bridge ?818 2013
8 Jingyue Yangtze River Bridge ?816 2010
9 Wuhu Yangtze River No. 2 Bridge ?806 2017 2018 George Richardson Award
10 Yachihe Bridge ?800 2016 2018 Gustav Lindenthal Award
Tab.1  Cable-stayed bridges of China ranking Top 10 in the world
world ranking bridge name main span (m) completed year award won
2 Nansha Bridge 1688 2019
3 Xihoumen Bridge 1650 2009 2010 Gustav Lindsall Award of International Bridge Conference, 2014–2015 China Construction Engineering Luban Award
7 Runyang Yangtze River Bridge 1490 2005
8 Dongting Lake Bridge 1480 2018
9 The Fourth Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge 1418 2012
Tab.2  Suspension bridges of China ranking Top 10 in the world
world ranking bridge name main span (m) completed year award won
1 Chaotianmen Yangtze River Bridge 552 2009
2 Lupu Bridge 550 2003 2008 International Bridge and Structural Engineering Association “Outstanding Structure Award”
3 Hejiang First Bridge 530 2013
7 Wushan Yangtze River Bridge 492 2005
8 Guantang Bridge 457 2018
9 Mingzhou Bridge 450 2011
9 Xijiang Bridge 450 2014
10 The First Beipan River Bridge (Qinglong Railway Bridge) 445 2016
Tab.3  Arch bridges of China ranking Top 10 in the world
world ranking bridge name total length (km) completed year award won
1 Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge 50?? 2018
2 Hangzhou Bay Bridge 36?? 2008
3 Jiaozhou Bay Bridge 35.4 2011 2013 George Richardson Award
4 East Sea Bridge 32.5 2005
6 Zhoushan Peninsula Project 25?? 2009
Tab.4  See-crossing bridges of China ranking Top 10 in the world.
Fig.1  (a) Sutong Yangtze River Bridge; (b) Hutong Yangtze River Bridge; (c) Edong Yangtze River Bridge.
Fig.2  (a) Jiangyin Yangtze River Bridge; (b) Xihoumen Bridge; (c) Haicang Bridge; (d) Taizhou Yangtze River Bridge.
Fig.3  (a) Lupu Bridge; (b) Chaotianmen Yangtze River Bridge; (c) Nanjing Dashengguan Yangtze River Bridge; (d) Shanghai-Kunming High-speed Railway Beipanjiang Bridge.
Fig.4  Design of the steel box girder cross-section: (a) single-box girder and (b) double-box girder.
bridge name (completed year) bridge type main span
(m)		 design parameters of stiffened steel box girder
height
(m)		 width (m) deck thickness (mm) longitudinal stiffener type transverse diaphragm spacing (m)
Humen Bridge (1997) suspension bridge ?888 3.0 33.0 12 U 4.00
Jiangyin Yangtze River Bridge (1999) suspension bridge 1385 3.0 36.9 12 U 3.20
Haicang Bridge (1999) suspension bridge ?648 3.0 36.6 12 U 3.00
The Second Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge (2001) cable-stayed bridge ?628 3.5 38.2 14 U 3.75
Junshan Yangtze River Bridge (2001) cable-stayed bridge ?460 3.0 38.8 12, 14, 16 U 3.00
South Branch Main Bridge of Runyang Bridge (2004) suspension bridge 1490 3.0 38.7 14 U 3.22
Runyang Bridge (2005) cable-stayed bridge ?406 3.0 37.4 14 U 3.75
The Third Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge (2005) cable-stayed bridge ?648 3.2 37.5 14, 16 U 3.75
Yangluo Bridge (2007) suspension bridge 1280 3.0 38.5 14 U 3.20
Hangzhou Bay Bridge (2008) cable-stayed bridge ?448 3.5 37.1 14, 16, 20 U 3.75
Xihoumen Bridge (2009) suspension bridge 1650 3.5 36.0 14, 16 U 3.60
Sutong Yangtze River Bridge (2008) cable-stayed bridge 1088 4.0 35.4 14-24 U 4.00
The Fourth Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge (2012) suspension bridge 1418 3.5 38.8 14, 16 U 3.12
Yunnan Long Jiang Bridge (2016) suspension bridge 1196 3.0 33.5 16 U 3.10
Tab.5  Design parameters of steel box girders of the representative bridges in China [17–24]
Fig.5  Shapes of the (a) open ribs and (b) closed ribs.
bridge name year opened main span (m) bridge type deck stiffener form
(upper opening width × lower opening width × height × thickness) (mm)
Jiangyin Yangtze River Bridge 1999 ??1386.0 suspension U-shape rib (300 × 170 × 280 × 6)
Haicang Bridge 1999 ???648.0 suspension U-shape rib (300 × 170 × 280 × 6)
The Second Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge 2001 ???628.0 cable-stayed U-shape rib (320 × unknown × 280 × 8)
Anqing Yangtze River Bridge 2004 ?510 cable-stayed U-shape rib (300 × 170 × 280 × 8)
Yangluo Bridge 2007 1290 suspension U-shape rib (300 × unknown × 280 × 6)
Sutong Yangtze River Highway Bridge 2008 1088 cable-stayed U-shape rib (300 × 180 × 300 × 8)
The Fourth Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge 2012 1418 suspension U-shape rib (300 × 170 × 280 × 8)
Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge 2018 1150 cable-stayed U-shape rib (300 × 180 × 300 × 8)
Nansha Bridge 2019 1688 suspension U-shape rib (300 × 170 × 280 × 8)
Tab.6  Information about stiffening rib of long-span steel bridges in China.
item AASHTO (US) Eurocode 3 (Europe) Japan road specifications
cross-section
Tab.7  Diagrammatic sketch of different openings in U-shape rib from different codes (mm).
Fig.6  (a) Xinghai Bay Bridge with portal shaped concrete tower; (b) Sutong Yangtze River Bridge with the “A” shaped concrete tower; (c) Hutong Yangtze River Bridge with inverted “Y” shaped steel pylon; (d) Taizhou Yangtze River Bridge.
Fig.7  (a) Rectangular anchorage foundation of Runyang Yangtze River Bridge; (b) “∞” shaped anchorage foundation of the Forth Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge; (c) pile group foundation of Sutong Yangtze River Bridge; (d) caisson foundation of Taizhou Yangtze River Bridge.
bridge name year opened steel deck thickness (mm) pavement layer thickness (mm) current status
Jiangyin Yangtze River Bridge 1999 12 55 in 2010, the cast asphalt was replaced with double-layer EA, and it has been used until now
The Second Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge 2001 12 50 maintain good performance without overhaul
Runyang Yangtze River Bridge 2005 14 50 no overhaul, local maintenance
The Third Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge 2005 14 50 no overhaul, local maintenance
Yangluo Yangtze River Bridge 2007 14 60 no overhaul, still using the original pavement
Sutong Yangtze River Bridge 2008 14–22 55 no overhaul, local maintenance, still using the original pavement
Tianxingzhou Yangtze River Bridge 2009 14 60 massive repairs in 2015
Minpu Bridge 2009 16 55 no overhaul, local maintenance
Tab.8  Parameters of EA pavement of the representative bridges in China [48–54]
Fig.8  Wearing surface of steel deck of some long-span bridges in China. (a) Double-layer EA; (b) GA+ SMA; (c) EA+ SMA; (d) GA+ EA.
bridge name year opened main span (m) initial wearing surface system maintenance record
Jiangyin Yangtze River Bridge 1999 1385 47 mm GA re-paved in 2003 according to the original plan;
in 2010, replaced with 55 mm double-layer EA
Haicang Bridge 1999 648 30 mm SMA13(upper layer)
35 mm SMA10 (lower layer)		 In 2002, 2005, and 2013, the original paving plan was used for overhaul
Junshan Yangtze River Bridge 2001 460 35 mm SMA (upper layer)
40 mm SMA (lower layer)		 re-paved in 2010:
40 mm SMA (upper layer) + 30 mm SMA (lower layer)
re-paved in 2018:
30 mm asphalt (upper layer) + 50 mm UHPC (lower layer)
The Second Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge 2001 628 50 mm double-layer EA the first and second lanes are not overhauled; for the pre-conservation considerations, the pavement is replaced by using the original pavement plan in the heavy traffic lane (the third lane) in 2018 [49]
South Branch Main Bridge of Runyang Bridge 2005 1490 50 mm double-layer EA local maintenance and repair, no overhaul
Yangluo Yangtze River Bridge 2007 1280 30 mm EA
(upper layer)
30 mm EA
(lower layer)		 no major repair record, still using original pavement
Sutong Yangze River Highway Bridge 2008 1088 30 mm EA
(upper layer)
25 mm EA
(lower layer)		 paving without overhaul
South Branch Bridge of Tianxingzhou Yangze River Bridge 2009 504 25 mm EA
(upper layer)
35 mm EA
(lower layer)		 paving without overhaul
Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge 2018 1150 38 mm SMA13 (upper layer)
30 mm GMA10 (lower layer)		 no overhaul record
Nansha Bridge 2019 1200+ 1688 35 mm EA
(upper layer)
30 mm EA
(lower layer)		 no overhaul record
Tab.9  Pavement structure on steel deck of long-span bridges in China [48]
Fig.9  Construction procedure of steel pylon of Taizhou Yangtze River Bridge: (a) the first section; (b) the bottom cable tower; (c) the joint section; (d) the lower cross beam; (e) the upper tower column; (f) the upper cross beam.
Fig.10  The use of hydraulic climbing formwork technology in concrete pylon of (a) Tongling Yangtze River Bridge and (b) Yangsigang Yangtze River Bridge.
Fig.11  (a) Automatic assembly positioning machine for U-shaped rib unit; (b) automatic assembly positioning machine for plate type stiffener.
mixtures mixing temperature asphalt binders production processes
GA 200°C–250°C PMB+ TLA+ hard asphalt The production of GA is a one-step process:
All ingredients are fed into the batch plant and the mixing of GA only took 2 min.
The GA mixtures are then dumped into the cooker for secondary mixing and transportation
MA 210°C–240°C TLA+ AH The production of MA consists of a two-step process:
The filler (at ambient temperature), bitumen and fine aggregate are mixed to produce ME.
ME is then fed into a cooker, mixed with coarse aggregates to produce the final MA
Tab.10  Different production processes in producing GA and MA [127]
inspection terms standardized requirements
Lueer fluidity, 240°C (s) ≤20
hardness, 35°C (mm) 0.5–2.0
impact toughnes, 15°C (N·mm) ≥400
dynamic stability, 60°C (time/mm) 300–800
planeness (mm) ±3
transversal slope (%) ±0.3
bonding force with waterproof layer (MPa) ≥0.9
Tab.11  Measuring items of GMA mixture for bottom layer [130]
technical performances test indicators requirements test method
high temperature stability dynamic stability, 60°C (time/mm) ≥4000 JTGE20-2011
(T 0719)
dynamic stability, 70°C (time/mm) ≥2000
low-temperature anti-cracking maximum bending strain, -10°C ≥8000 JTGE20-2011
(T 0715)
structural integrity bond strength, 25°C (MPa) ≥1.0
shear strength, 25°C (MPa) ≥1.5
water tightness water permeability coefficient (mL/min) ≤50 JTGE20-2011
(T 0730)
skid resistance texture depth (mm) ≤0.7 JTGE20-2011
(T 0731)
Tab.12  Technical requirements for GMA+ SMA composite structure [130]
crack type number of cracks in 2015 number of new cracks in 2017 ratio of new cracks (%)a) number of cracks in repaired welding ratio of cracks in repaired welding (%)b)
crack at U rib 4026 3597 89 429 11
crack at cross-diaphragm plate 1476 1393 94 ?83 ?6
crack at the welded joint between U rib and cross-diaphragm plate 1034 ?908 88 126 12
crack at U rib around the cable bracket ?988 ?432 44 556 56
crack at top plate ?218 ?205 94 ?13 ?6
crack at U rib joint ???8 ???7 88 ??1 13
other cracks ?154 ?152 99 ??2 ?1
total 7904 6694 85 1210? 15
Tab.13  Cracking survey in steel box girder of long-span bridges.
Fig.12  Robot anti-deformation ship position welding system.
Fig.13  Cracks in steel box girder of long-span bridge: (a) crack at cross-diaphragm plate around the hole; (b) crack at welded joint between top plate and U rib; (c) crack at welded joint between cross-diaphragm plate and U rib; (d) crack at welded joint between cross-diaphragm stiffened plate and top plate; (e) crack at welded joint between top plate and longitudinal-diaphragm plate; (f) rack at welded joint between cross-diaphragm plate and longitudinal-diaphragm plate.
defect type area of defect (cm2) number of defects ratio of defect area (%) ratio of defect number (%)
corrosion 315384 239 56.26 66.20
seepage 180900 101 32.27 27.98
coating scaling ??2465 ?10 ?0.44 ?2.77
oil contamination and sludge ?61800 ?11 11.03 ?3.05
total 560549 361 100????? 100????
Tab.14  Damage of wind fairing of long-span bridges.
Fig.14  Cable defects of long-span bridge: (a) corrosion of cable cap; (b) corrosion of sleeve; (c) oil leakage of damper; (d) scratch of sheath.
Fig.15  Restoration procedure of cable of long-span bridges: (a) welding by plastic welding gun; (b) grinding; (c) wrapping by polyester tape.
1 R Pan. Achievements, quality and safety of major public facilities and infrastructure projects in China. Hubei Education: Leadership. Science Forum, 2018, 6(4): 51–60 (in Chinese)
2 Z Y Gao, X Y Mei, W Xu, Y F Zhang. Overall design of Hutong Yangtze River Bridge. Bridge Construction, 2015, 45(6): 1–6 (in Chinese)
3 M Y Hu, B S Huang, J L Yu. Key Techniques for design of Edong Yangze River Highway Bridge. Bridge Construction, 2011, (5): 64–68 (in Chinese)
4 W Shen. Review of construction of sea-crossing bridge in Zhoushan continental island connecting project. In: The 5th National Highway Science and Technology Innovation Forum. Beijing: China Highway Society, 2010 (in Chinese)
5 J S Liu, Q H Zhang, Y T Li, H Kang. Summary of Xiamen Haicang Bridge west channel bridge project. Highway, 1999, 11: 1–4 (in Chinese)
6 L Ji, J Ruan, T Wang. Key technology of 3-pylon 2-span suspension bridge of Taizhou Bridge. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development, 2015, 32(02): 94–99 (in Chinese)
7 Y P Lin, Z H Zhang, B Ma, L Zhou. Lupu Arch Bridge, Shanghai. China Civil Engineering Journal (New York), 2005, 1: 71–77 (in Chinese)
8 G W Tang, W S Zheng, G Zheng, W J Gao. Dynamic model test of Chaotianmen Yangtze River Bridge in Chongqing. Highway, 2009, 5: 146–151 (in Chinese)
9 S Q Qin. Nanjing Dashengguan Yangtze River Bridge. Democracy and Science, 2017, 2: 53 (in Chinese)
10 R L Chen. The design and construction scheme of Beipanjiang Bridge on Shanghai-Kunming special passenger line. Sci-tech Information Development and Economy, 2011, 21(22): 175–179 (in Chinese)
11 Editorial department of China Journal of Highway and Transport. Review on China bridge engineering research: 2014. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2014, 27(5): 1–96 (in Chinese)
12 J X Peng. Life-cycle cost-based bridge entire-life design method. Dissertation for the Doctoral Degree. Changsha: Hunan University, 2009 (in Chinese)
13 M J Cao. The cantilever method of prestressed concrete continuous rigid frame bridge construction monitoring. Thesis for the Master’s Degree. Xi’an: Chang’an University, 2016 (in Chinese)
14 J X Hao. Study on life cycle risk assessment and countermeasure of long-span cable-stayed bridge. Thesis for the Master’s Degree. Xi’an: Chang’an University, 2017 (in Chinese)
15 H J Wu. Durability design approaches for bridge structures. Dissertation for the Doctoral Degree. Shanghai: Tongji University, 2006 (in Chinese)
16 W X Hao. The research on bridge technological transformation and decision-making based on the life cycle cost. Thesis for the Master’s Degree. Xi’an: Chang’an University, 2008 (in Chinese)
17 X G Zhang, H Yuan, M S Pei. Key design technology of SuTong Yangtze river highway bridge. Highway, 2009, 5: 6–10 (in Chinese)
18 P J Zhu. Jiangyin Yangtze River Highway Bridge. Highway, 1998, 8: 6–9 (in Chinese)
19 W S Wu, R G Wang, Z F Wang. Design of steel box girders of channel bridges of Hangzhou Bay Sea-crossing Bridge. Bridge Construction, 2006, 3: 24–26 (in Chinese)
20 H Song, X D Wang. Overall design of Xihoumen Bridge in Zhoushan continental island connecting project. Highway, 2009, 1: 8–16 (in Chinese)
21 L F Li. The analytical theory and model test research on local stability of orthotropic steel box girder. Dissertation for the Doctoral Degree. Changsha: Hunan University, 2005 (in Chinese)
22 L Xu, P J Li, Y H Cheng. The manufacturing technology of steel box girder of Naning NO.4 Yangtze River suspension bridge. Steel Structure, 2013, 28(10): 55–59 (in Chinese)
23 R G Wang, F C Meng, Z F Wang, S W Wu, Q G Sun. Overall design of Hangzhou Bay Sea-crossing Bridge. Highway, 2006, 9: 1–7 (in Chinese)
24 D D Fang, C Chen. Girders for the cable-stayed bridge of Zhenjiang-Yangzhou Yangtze river highway bridge. Railway Standard Design, 2003, 3: 5–7 (in Chinese)
25 L Cheng. Design and construction of steel tower and static nonlinear analysis of Nanjing Yangtze 3rd Bridge. Thesis for the Master’s Degree. Chengdu: Southwest Jiaotong University, 2005 (in Chinese)
26 H W Zhang. Brief analysis on construction technology of cable tower of marine suspension bridge. In: The 21st National Bridge Academic Conference. China Civil Engineering Society. Dalian: China Communications Press, 2014 (in Chinese)
27 J Dai. Design of cable tower of Sutong Bridge. In: 2004 National Bridge Academic Conference. Kunming: China Highway Society. 2004 (in Chinese)
28 S C Wu. Review of new technology used in Sutong Bridge. In: Transformation of Economic Development Mode and Independent Innovation: The 12th Annual Conference of China Association of Science and Technology. Fuzhou: Academic Department of Chinese Association of Science and Technology, 2010 (in Chinese)
29 Z Y Gao. Technical Characteristics of Main Bridge of Hutong Changjiang River Bridge. Bridge Construction, 2014, 44(2): 1–5 (in Chinese)
30 J Hong. Analysis of key manufacturing techniques for steel pylon of large bridge. Steel Structure, 2018, 33(2): 89–92
31 G B Chen, H H Wei, T Huang. Construction survey technology of the steel pylon of the Third Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development, 2008, 9: 73–80 (in Chinese)
32 Y Zhang. Research on the structural characteristics of steel-concrete composite segment in the tower of the Third Nanjing Yangtze Bridge. Thesis for the Master’s Degree. Chengdu: Southwest Jiaotong University, 2005 (in Chinese)
33 S X Dai. Hoisting construction for steel pillar of Taizhou Yangtze River Highway Bridge. China Harbour Engineering, 2011, 2: 51–54 (in Chinese)
34 D Z Han, L Ji, A R Chen. Overview of key technology of middle pylon design of Taizhou Bridge. Highway, 2003, 2013(11): 72–77 (in Chinese)
35 Q L Zhao, B Chen, J T Zhuo. Developments in mechanical analysis of suspension bridges’ anchorage and foundation. Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources, 2001, 21(1): 22–26 (in Chinese)
36 R A Lin. Analyzing and optimizing the bearing behaviors of gravity anchorage system for suspension bridge. Thesis for the Master’s Degree. Xi’an: Chang’an University, 2008 (in Chinese)
37 Z Z Jiang. North anchorage diaphragm wall of south branch suspension bridge of Runyang Yangtze River Highway Bridge. In: National Geotechnical and Engineering Academic Conference. Beijing: China Rock Mechanics and Engineering Society, 2003 (in Chinese)
38 C J Duan, W Xu, C R He. Construction technology of super-deep diaphragm wall of the forth Nanjing Yangtze river bridge. Construction Technology, 2010, 39(2): 39–42 (in Chinese)
39 X G Zhang, H Yuan, M S Pei. Introduction of key technologies in design of Sutong Yangtze River Highway Bridge. Highway, 2009, 5: 6–10 (in Chinese)
40 L Huang, W Zhou, T Liu. Research of construction scheme for caisson foundation of inter-mediate tower of Taizhou Yangtze River Highway Bridge. Bridge Construction, 2008, (2): 63–66 (in Chinese)
41 Y Yu, Q Qiu, L Wang. Scheme of pressure boost and floating aid for steel open caisson of main ship channel bridge of Hutong Yangtze River Bridge. Bridge Construction, 2015, 45(06): 74–78 (in Chinese)
42 W Huang, X C Zhang, G W Hu. New advance of theory and design on pavement for long-span steel bridge. Journal of Southeast University (Natural Science Edition), 2002, 3: 480–487
43 L W Tong, Z Y Shen, Z Y Chen. Fatigue load spectrum for urban road bridge. China Civil Engineering Journal, 1997, 5: 20–27 (in Chinese)
44 J Li, G J Ren, Y Dong. Effect of heavy vehicles on asphalt pavement fatigue life. Journal of Dalian Jiaotong University, 2017, 38(3): 92–95 (in Chinese)
45 Y S Zhao. Optimum design of asphalt mixture proportion and performance verification. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development (Applied Technology Edition), 2017, 13(10): 123–125
46 A L Yao, Z J Sun, Y D Wang. The optimization design system for asphalt mixture grade. Journal of Xi’an Highway University, 2000, 2: 35–37 (in Chinese)
47 W Huang, Z Q Liu, Z D Qian, G Cheng. Conversion method of axle-load for steel bridge deck based on fatigue-equivalent. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2005, 1: 14–18 (in Chinese)
48 Nanjing Yangtze River Second Bridge Construction Command. Technology and Application of Epoxy Asphalt Concrete Pavement on Steel Deck of Nanjing Yangtze River Second Bridge. Nanjing: Southeast University, 2000 (in Chinese)
49 L, Yu H Chen. Investigation and review of the 15-year service status of the first epoxy paved steel bridge of the Nanjing Yangtze River second bridge. Journal of Bridge, 2018 (in Chinese) (in press)
50 S Luo, Z D Qian, H Wang. Condition survey and analysis of epoxy asphalt concrete pavement on Second Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge: A ten-year review. Journal of Southeast University (English Edition), 2011, 27(4): 417–422
51 Nanjing Yangtze River Third Bridge Construction Command. Technology and application of epoxy asphalt concrete pavement on steel deck of Nanjing Yangtze River Third Bridge. Nanjing: Southeast University, 2005 (in Chinese)
52 H Xu, C Ling. Design of deck pavement scheme for cement concrete bridge of Hangzhou bay bridge. Journal of China and Foreign Highway, 2008, 1: 68–72 (in Chinese)
53 L Y Chen, Z B Zhu, L Q Pan, Z L Li. Construction technology and quality control of epoxy asphalt deck surfacing of Xihoumen Bridge. Bridge Construction, 2009, S2: 114–117 (in Chinese)
54 D J Chen. Epoxy asphalt concrete pavement scheme and key links construction control for steel deck of Xihoumen Bridge. China Water Transport, 2012, 12(4): 202–205 (in Chinese)
55 L. Jiang Applied research and development of epoxy asphalt. New Chemical Materials, 2010, 38(9): 34–36 (in Chinese)
56 W Huang, Z Qian, G Chen, J Yang. Epoxy asphalt concrete paving on the deck of long-span steel bridges. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2003, 48(21): 2391–2394
https://doi.org/10.1360/02ww0123
57 W Huang, Z D Qian, G Cheng. Application of epoxy asphalt concrete to pavement of long-span steel bridge deck. Journal of Southeast University (Natural Science Edition), 2002, 5: 783–787
58 L Zhang, S S Wu, W Huang, T J Chen, K J Shen. Multi-scale model for the bridge deck-pavement dynamic analysis. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2012, 25(3): 87–93 (in Chinese)
59 Z D Qian, W Huang, J W Luo, Q Mao. Mechanical analysis of pavement of orthotropic steel deck. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2002, 3: 47–51 (in Chinese)
60 J W Wang, J L Shen, Z D Qian. Construction controlling research of domestic epoxy asphalt mixture. Journal of Southeast University (Natural Science Edition), 2009, 39(6): 1226–1230
61 Z D Qian, S Luo, J W Wang. Laboratory evaluation of epoxy resin modified asphalt mixtures. Journal of Southeast University (English Edition), 2007, 23(1): 117–121
62 Y H Pi, S Z Chen. Application of casting asphalt concrete paving on bridge deck. Journal of China & Foreign Highway, 2006, 26(1): 155–158 (in Chinese)
63 D Y Hu, J G Lv, M Wang, X Y Hu. Features and development trend of cast asphalt mixture. Journal of Highway and Tranportaion Research and Development, 2015, 6: 14–17 (in Chinese)
64 X H Chen, W Huang, H T Li, Y Y Wu. Performance　of　Guss　asphalt　for　orthotropic　steel　deck　plate　surfacing. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development, 2004, 21(9): 28–30 (in Chinese)
65 H T Li, W Huang. Applications of Guss　Asphalt　for　bridge deck plate surfacing in Japan. East China Highway, 1999, 3: 39–42 (in Chinese)
66 Z T Liang, X J Ding. Ming Shi Strait (Akashi Kaikyo) bridge deck paving. Foreign Highway, 1999, 19(6): 7–11 (in Chinese)
67 Z D Qian, J Luo, M M Jing. Mechanical analysis of asphalt concrete paving projects on steel bridge deck. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2005, 2: 61–64 (in Chinese)
68 Z D Qian, W Huang, J W Luo, Q Mao. Mechanical analysis of pavement of orthotropic steel deck. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2002, 3: 47–51 (in Chinese)
69 W Huang, Z D Qian, G Cheng, J Yang. Study on epoxy asphalt concrete pavement of long span steel bridge deck. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2002, 47(24): 1894–1897 (in Chinese)
70 W Huang, Z D Qian. Theory and Design of High-grade Asphalt Pavement. Beijing: Science Press, 2001
71 Z Q Liu. Key Technologies for Deck Pavement Design of Long-span Steel Bridge. Nanjing: Southeast University, 2004 (in Chinese)
72 Zhoushan Taoyaomen Bridge Construction Command. Study on Steel Deck Pavement Technology of Zhoushan Taoyumen Bridge. Nanjing: Southeast University, 2003 (in Chinese)
73 S J Pan, S F Yang. Construction of Xiamen Haicang Bridge. Beijing: China Communication Press, 2003 (in Chinese)
74 Runyang Yangtze River Highway Bridge Construction Command. Research on Steel Deck Pavement Technology of Runyang Yangtze River Highway Bridge. Nanjing: Southeast University, 2004 (in Chinese)
75 H Cheng, L Liu, L Sun. Critical response analysis of steel deck pavement based on viscoelastic finite element model. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 2019 (in press)
https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2019.1607341
76 S Luo, Z Qian, X Yang, Q Lu. Laboratory evaluation of double-layered pavement structures for long-span steel bridge decks. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2018, 30(6): 04018111
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002291
77 H Huang, W Xu, G Zeng. Study of the strain response of asphalt pavements on orthotropic steel bridge decks through field testing and numerical Simulation. Journal of Testing and Evaluation, 2018, 48(2): 1615–1633
78 X Wang, J Feng, H Wang. Stress analysis of asphalt concrete deck pavement on steel bridge based on burgers model and interlayer contact. In: The 6th International Conference on Energy and Environmental Protection (ICEEP 2017). Zhuhai: Atlantis Press, 2017
79 L Geng, Q Xu, R Ren, L Wang, X Yang, X Wang. Performance research of high-viscosity asphalt mixture as deck-paving materials for steel bridges. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 2017, 18(1): 208–220
https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2016.1163279
80 T W Kim, J Baek, H J Lee, S Y Lee. Effect of pavement design parameters on the behaviour of orthotropic steel bridge deck pavements under traffic loading. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 2014, 15(5): 471–482
https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2013.839790
81 E Bocci, F Canestrari. Analysis of structural compatibility at interface between asphalt concrete pavements and orthotropic steel deck surfaces. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2012, 2293(1): 1–7
https://doi.org/10.3141/2293-01
82 H F Xiang, Y J Ge, L D Zhu, A R Chen, Z X Lin, M Gu. Modern Theory and Practice on Bridge Wind resistance. Beijing: China Communication Press, 2005
83 H F Xiang. State of the art and prospect in studies of structural wind engineering. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 1997, 3: 12–17 (in Chinese)
84 G C Lu, H F Zhang, Y X Yang, Y J Ge. Cross section aerodynamic optimization of steel box girder in Xihoumen Suspension Bridge preliminary design. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 2005, 4: 473–477 (in Chinese)
85 Y Yang, Y Ge, H Xiang. Flutter control effect and mechanism of central-slotting for long-span bridges. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2006, 39(7): 74–80 (in Chinese)
86 J Z Li, Z G Guan. Performance-based seismic design for bridges. Engineering Mechanics, 2011, 28(S2): 24–30 (in Chinese)
87 A J Ye, W A Liu, B B Wang. Dynamic interaction between high-rise pile cap foundation and bridge structure. Journal of Tongji University (Natural Science), 2007, 9: 1163–1168 (in Chinese)
88 Z Q Wang, S D Hu, L C Fan. Research on viscous damper parameters of Donghai Bridge. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2005, 3: 37–42 (in Chinese)
89 Y Shi, D S Wang, J P Han. Displacement-based design method for bridge bents with buckling-restrained braces (BRBs). China Civil Engineering Journal, 2017, 50(7), 62–68 (in Chinese)
90 J Z Li, L C Fan. Longitudinal seismic response and pounding effects of girder bridges with unconventional configurations. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2005, 1: 84–90 (in Chinese)
91 Q Han, Z L Jia, W L He, Y M Xiao, J F Jia, X L Du. Seismic design method and its engineering application of self-centering double-column rocking bridge. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2017, 30(12): 169–177 (in Chinese)
92 T B Peng, J Z Li, L C Fan. Development and application of double spherical aseismic bearing. Journal of Tongji University (Natural Science), 2007, 2: 176–180
93 T B Peng, J Z Li, L C Fan. Analysis of vertical displacement of double spherical aseismic bearing. Journal of Tongji University (Natural Science), 2007, 9: 1181–1185 (in Chinese)
94 The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge will be installed with the largest rubber isolation bearing to effectively resist the impact. Journal of China and Foreign Highway, 2013, 33(2): 197 (in Chinese)
95 Q Han, W Liu, X Du, L Qi. Computational model and experimental validation of multi-spherical sliding friction isolation bearings. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2012, 25(5): 82–88 (in Chinese)
96 L Fan, Z Wang. Application of Seismic Isolation Technology for Bridges in China. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 1999, (2): 26–34 (in Chinese)
97 Z R Wang, C X Wang, Z Z Zhuang, Y L Sun. Innovative points of excavation explosion for gravity tieback of Sidu River Extra-large Bridge. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2005, S1: 239–240 (in Chinese)
98 W X Ji. Study on Balinghe Bridge West Tunnel anchor construction technology. Journal of Guizhou University, 2011, 28(4): 118–121 (Natural Sciences)
99 K M Bu, K L Yin, W M Gong. Post-grouting technique for piled foundation: Case history of Su-Tong Bridge. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2008, 30(6): 1697–1700 (in Chinese)
100 CCCC Second Highway Engineering Company. Construction Manual of Highway and Bridge-pier and Foundation. Beijing: China Communication Press, 2014 (in Chinese)
101 Q S Xu, Y Z Niu, H Q Shi. Simulation and analysis of impact dynamic performance of steel reinforced concrete bridge piers. Highway, 2017, 62(6): 84–89 (in Chinese)
102 H J Lei. Research on the key construction technology under extra-high pile of cable-stayed bridge. Thesis for the Master’s Degree. Chongqing: Chongqing Jiaotong University, 2010 (in Chinese)
103 B H Wang. Elementary discussion on application of hydraulic climbing in construction of cable pylon. Urban Roads Bridges and Flood Control, 2010, 9: 248–251 (in Chinese)
104 Z Z Zhao. The construction of concrete cable bent tower and design & computation of crossbeam bracing structure of the long-span bridge. Thesis for the Master’s Degree. Chongqing: Chongqing University, 2002
105 J Zhang, Y Q. Yang Manufacturing technology of large span steel box girder with ultra-wide cross section. Industrial Construction, 2018, 48(S): 207–210 (in Chinese)
106 H Hong. Hot-rolled U-ribs for bridges. China Highway, 2017, 21: 36 (in Chinese)
107 J Z Liu. Automation technology for manufacturing steel box girder of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. Highway, 2018, 63(7): 105–111 (in Chinese)
108 X Y Han. Manufacturing technology for orthotropic steel deck plates of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. Bridge Construction, 2015, 45(5): 105–111 (in Chinese)
109 B C Gong. Application and research of PPWS construction key technologies for main cable of long-span suspension bridge. Journal of Guang Dong Communication Polytechnic, 2019, 18(3): 26–30 (in Chinese)
110 K P Zhao, S T Chen. Key technologies of steel box girder construction of Xiamen-Zhangzhou Sea-crossing Bridge. Transportation Science and Technology, 2013, 2: 21–23 (in Chinese)
111 Y C Wang. Improvement Ideas of Characteristics of the crane for Humen Suspension Bridge. South China Harbour Engineering, 1997, 1: 36–43 (in Chinese)
112 H Zhang, B C Lou, H Zhang, C Luo, Y Zhang, X You. Sutong bridge construction and control technology of the superstructure. Engineering and Science, 2009, 11(3): 85–91 (in Chinese)
113 H M Yin, X D Li, J Guo. Construction technology of cantilever casting with stayed knotting method in largespan reinforced concrete arch bridge. Construction Technology, 2016, 45(4): 127–132 (in Chinese)
114 J L Zheng, J J Wang, Z Feng, Y Han, D Y Qin. Vacuum aided concrete grouting process test of concrete filled steel tube arch segment. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2014, 27(6): 44–50 (in Chinese)
115 Z Liu. AEMM method with recurrence relation in analysis of creep and shrinkage. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong Institute, 1994, S1: 31–34 (in Chinese)
116 Y X Zhou, A B Gu. Creep-shrinkage time-dependent analysis of large span reinforced concrete arches of stiffen framework. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong Institute, 1996, 15(1): 1–10 (in Chinese)
117 B Z Xie. Design and construction technology of super-long span (420 m) concrete arch bridge of Wanxian Yangtze River Bridge. In: The 1st National Highway Science and Technology Innovation Forum. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2002 (in Chinese)
118 L X He, S Z Liu. Installation design and control of rigid skeleton of Wanxian Yangtze River Bridge. Southwest Highway, 1997, 1: 9–15 (in Chinese)
119 Y R Wong, Y Q Li. Balanced casting technology for multi-face of super-long span SRC arch bridge. In: China Highway Society Academic Meeting in 1997. Nanning, 1997 (in Chinese)
120 B C Chen, L Ye. Analysis of survey and development of China’s concrete arch bridge. Journal of China & Foreign Highway, 2008, 2(28): 89–96 (in Chinese)
121 F Cheng, Q F Zhang, J Q Wang. Development status and prospect of swivel construction technology of bridges in China. Railway Standard Design, 2011, 6: 67–71 (in Chinese)
122 Z H Wang, Y Fu, Q Chen, B Chen, L Zhou. Application and research advances in epoxy asphalt concrete serving at deck pavement material. Materials Review, 2018, 32(17): 2992–3009 (in Chinese)
123 P L Cong, X F Yu, Y Lei, J Wang, L Cui. Study on performance of epoxy asphalt concrete bridge deck pavement. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development, 2015, 5: 145–150 (in Chinese)
124 J Zhou, X H Wei, L Liu, J Tian. Performance comparison of hot and warm mix epoxy asphalt concrete for steel deck pacement. Highway, 2018, 63(11): 1–7 (in Chinese)
125 H M Huang, G D Zeng, W Xu, S Li, Z Zhou. Study of curing reaction mechanism and construction control performance of epoxy asphalt. Journal of Building Materials, 2019 (in Chinese) (in press)
126 W Zhu. The application of epoxy asphalt in engineering practice. Soil Engineering and Foundation, 2006, 20(1): 33–35 (in Chinese)
127 D Zhu, S L Li. Comparison of steel bridge deck pavement scheme selection and casting asphalt mixture (GMA) standardized construction process control of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. Journal of China & Foreign Highway, 2019, 2: 161–164 (in Chinese)
128 D Y Hu, J G Lv, M Wang, X Hu. Features and development trend of cast asphalt mixture. Technology of Highway and Transport, 2015, 6: 14–17 (in Chinese)
129 M Wang, Q K Su, W Xu, L Li, H Lu. The innovation and implementation of asphalt pavement for steel bridge deck of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. Journal of Engineering Studies, 2019, 1: 3–9 (in Chinese)
130 Y H Lu. Quality control of steel deck for Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. Construction Quality, 2018, 36(4): 23–28 (in Chinese)
131 D L Fu, Z D Qian. Preventive maintenance countermeasure analysis of steel deck pavement. Highway, 2010, 1: 201–206 (in Chinese)
132 L J Shen, Z Q Ge. Study on new repair and maintenance technology of asphalt pavement. Urban Roads Bridges and Flood Control, 2014, 6: 61–63 (in Chinese)
133 W Huang, Z Q Zhang, Z F Gao, L B He, N Xing. Research and development of high-performance bridge steel at abroad. World Bridges, 2011, 2: 18–21 (in Chinese)
134 Q Zhao, C Wu. Development and prospect of high-performance steel for bridges. China Municipal Engineering, 2007, S2: 64–67 (in Chinese)
135 W Q Wang. Development and expectation of bridge engineering technology. Construction Technology, 2018, 47(6): 103–108 (in Chinese)
136 Z Q Zhang, Z F Gao, W Huang, F H Chen, W Ding. Development and application of high-performance steel for bridge in South Korea. Progress in Steel Building Structures, 2016, 18(2): 61–66 (in Chinese)
137 X L Zheng. Research on the fatigue performance of corroded steel wire and evaluation method of fatigue reliability for bridge cables. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2018 (in Chinese)
138 C Wu, C Jiang, X Jiang. Experiment research on fatigue performance of pre-corroded high-strength bridge wires. Journal of Tongji University (Natural Science), 2018, 46(12): 1622–1627 (in Chinese)
139 C Jiang, C Wu, X Jiang. Experiment research on uniform corrosion and pitting corrosion of high-strength bridge wires. Journal of Tongji University (Natural Science), 2018, 46(12): 1615–1621 (in Chinese)
140 Y F Ma, Z C Chen, J Ye, L Wang, J R Zhang. Experiment and numerical study on fatigue crack growth of bridge suspender. Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering, 2019, 39(1): 23–30 (in Chinese)
141 T Liu, Q Cheng, X Wang, G Liu, R Zhong. Multi-source Information Incorporation Technology and System Development of Pingtang Major Bridge based on BIM. Highway, 2019, 64(9): 12–17 (in Chinese)
142 F J Hu. Research on modeling method to bridge BIM model in design phase. China Municipal Engineering, 2018, 5: 56–59 (in Chinese)
143 J L Cong, M M Jiang, Y G Yan. The application of BIM Technology in bridge construction stage. Low Temperature Architecture Technology, 2018, 40(8): 120–128 (in Chinese)
144 Z M Liu, Y Wang, J Sun, Y J Jia, R Gao. Application study on BIM technology in bridge design stage. Journal of Beijing Jiaotong University, 2015, 39(6): 80–84 (in Chinese)
145 L. Zhang Research on the intelligent synchronous incremental launching method for skewed and trapezoidal steel box girders of Luojiagou Bridge. Bridge Engineering, 2017, (11): 72–83 (in Chinese)
146 X Dong, Y Zhang, H Xu, Y Ni. Structural health monitoring and safety evaluation system for Sutong Bridge. Bridge Construction, 2006, 4: 71–81 (in Chinese)
147 Y Zhang, G Qian. Application of cloud platform for health monitoring system in bridge. Computer Knowledge and Technology, 2015, 11(30): 206–208 (in Chinese)
148 X G Zhang, G Liu, H J Ma, H B Wu, B Y Fu, Y Gao. Status and prospect of technical development for bridges in China. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2016, 61(4–5): 415–425
https://doi.org/10.1360/N972015-00912
149 M Cai. Structural health monitoring system of long-span bridge. Urban Roads Bridges and Flood Control, 2019, 2: 58–84
150 H Li, W S Zhou, J P Ou, Y S Yang. A study on system integration technique of intelligent monitoring systems for soundness of long span bridges. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2006, 2: 46–52
151 A Q Li, Y L Ding, H Wang, T Guo. Massive data analysis and assessment of bridge health monitoring—Research progress of structural health monitoring. Science in China: Technical Science, 2012, 42(8): 972–984
152 JTG/T 7D65-05-2015. Specifications for Design of Highway Suspension Bridge. Beijing: China Communications Press, 2015
153 JTG/T 7D65-01-2007. Specifications for Design of Highway Cable-stayed Bridge. Beijing: China Communications Press, 2017
154 C Hu. Study on the Static and Dynamic Properties of Long-span Road-rail suspension Bridge. Beijing: Beijing Jiaotong University, 2016
155 Z Y Liang, J Z Li. Research on damper parameters of long-span rail-cum-road cable-stayed bridge. Journal of Tongji University (Natural Science), 2007, 6: 728–733 (in Chinese)
156 Y L Li, Y L Bao, S F Dong, Y P Zeng, H Y Xiang. Influencing factors of impact coefficient for long-span railway cable-stayed bridges. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2015, 34(19): 138–143
157 Z D Qian, Y Liu, B Zheng. Mechanical analysis of steel deck pavement on long span combined road and railway cable-stayed bridges. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2011, 44(6): 138–142
158 N Sun, H Y Zhou, Y P Chen, Y Meng. Simulation of vibration control for long-span railway cable-stayed bridge based on suspended system. Journal of Natural Disaster, 1995, S1: 189–196 (in Chinese)
159 K Q Ma, Z P Wang. Research on aseismic performance of large span cable stayed railway bridge. Railway Standard Design, 2005, 4: 47–52
160 L Lv, X Q Xue. Influence of train braking force on seismic response of long-span railway cable-stayed bridges. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2018, 38(4): 180–185
161 L Lv, J Z Li. Longitudinal resonance mechanism of a long-span cable-stayed railway bridge under moving loads. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2018, 51(2): 81–87
162 Y L Li, Q F Qiao, K J Chen, Y P Zeng, H Y Xiang. Study of vehicle-induced longitudinal vibration and connection between pylon and girder of long span railway cable-stayed bridge. Bridge Construction, 2014, 44(2): 12–19
163 X N Ding, D L Wang. Wing resistance study of the rail-cum-road suspension bridge with three towers. Highway, 2014, 59(6): 79–82
164 Y G Su, R Gao, L Y Chen, X G Zeng. Free vibration analysis of long-span suspension bridge. Journal of Railway Engineering Society, 2002, 3: 42–47
[1] Zhengqing CHEN. Time-domain and frequency-domain approaches to identification of bridge flutter derivatives[J]. Front Arch Civil Eng Chin, 2009, 3(2): 173-179.
[2] WANG Ying, LI Zhaoxia, WU Baijian. Fatigue stress monitoring and analyses for steel box girder of Runyang Suspension Bridge[J]. Front. Struct. Civ. Eng., 2008, 2(3): 197-204.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed