Crack evolution of soft–hard composite layered rock-like specimens with two fissures under uniaxial compression

doi:10.1007/s11709-021-0772-2

Front. Struct. Civ. Eng.

2021, Vol. 15

Issue (6) : 1372-1389 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-021-0772-2

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Crack evolution of soft–hard composite layered rock-like specimens with two fissures under uniaxial compression

Dong ZHOU¹, Yicheng YE^1,², Nanyan HU^1,²(

), Weiqi WANG¹, Xianhua WANG³

¹. School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
². Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of Metallurgic Mineral Resources, Wuhan 430081, China
³. Sinosteel Wuhan Safety and Environmental Protection Research Institute Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430081, China

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Abstract

Acoustic emission and digital image correlation were used to study the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of crack extension of soft and hard composite laminated rock masses (SHCLRM) containing double fissures under uniaxial compression. The effects of different rock combination methods and prefabricated fissures with different orientations on mechanical properties and crack coalescence patterns were analyzed. The characteristics of the acoustic emission source location distribution, and frequency changes of the crack evolution process were also investigated. The test results show that the damage mode of SHCLRM is related to the combination mode of rock layers and the orientation of fractures. Hard layers predominantly produce tensile cracks; soft layers produce shear cracks. The first crack always sprouts at the tip or middle of prefabricated fractures in hard layers. The acoustic emission signal of SHCLRM with double fractures has clear stage characteristics, and the state of crack development can be inferred from this signal to provide early warning for rock fracture instability. This study can provide a reference for the assessment of the fracture development status between adjacent roadways in SHCLRM in underground mines, as well as in roadway layout and support.

Keywords soft−hard composite layered rock mass double cracks crack evolution acoustic emission digital image correlation

Corresponding Author(s): Nanyan HU

Just Accepted Date: 09 November 2021 Online First Date: 06 December 2021 Issue Date: 21 January 2022

Cite this article:

Dong ZHOU,Yicheng YE,Nanyan HU, et al. Crack evolution of soft–hard composite layered rock-like specimens with two fissures under uniaxial compression[J]. Front. Struct. Civ. Eng., 2021, 15(6): 1372-1389.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fsce/EN/10.1007/s11709-021-0772-2
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fsce/EN/Y2021/V15/I6/1372

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of an underground mine roadway layout.

Tab.1 Experimental design scheme

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of the combination of soft and hard composite rock formations. The fissure length is 2a, the rock bridge length is 2b, the fissure inclination is α, and the rock bridge inclination is β.

Tab.2 Basic physical and mechanical parameters of rock samples

Fig.3 Test mold and sample: (a) combination mold; (b) rock-like specimen; (c) speckled specimen.

Fig.4 Test system diagram. DIC: digital image correlation; AE: acoustic emission; CCD: charge-coupled device.

Tab.3 Mechanical test results of soft and hard composite laminated rock specimens with double fissures

Fig.5 Stress?strain curve of the cracked specimens in different orientations. (a) HSH; (b) SHS.

Fig.6 The final failure mode of soft and hard composite rock mass with double fissures.

Tab.4 Four coalescence modes of double fractures in rock samples

Fig.7 Evolution diagram of principal strain and displacement of the HSH-60 specimen. ε₁ is the principal strain, U is the displacement in the X-direction (perpendicular to the load direction), and V is the displacement in the Y-direction (parallel to the load direction).

Fig.8 Evolution diagram of principal strain and displacement of the SHS-105 specimen. ε₁ is the principal strain, U is the displacement in the X-direction (perpendicular to the load direction), and V is the displacement in the Y-direction (parallel to the load direction).

Fig.9 Evolution diagram of principal strain and displacement of the SHS-60 specimen. ε₁ is the principal strain, U is the displacement in the X-direction (perpendicular to the load direction), and V is the displacement in the Y-direction (parallel to the load direction).

Fig.10 Evolution diagram of principal strain and displacement of the HSH-105 specimen. ε₁ is the principal strain, U is the displacement in the X-direction (perpendicular to the load direction), and V is the displacement in the Y-direction (parallel to the load direction).

Fig.11 The change law of axial stress and acoustic emission (AE) counts of HSH-60 specimen.

Fig.12 Spatiotemporal evolution distribution and principal strain cloud diagram of seismic source acoustic emission at key points of HSH-60 specimen failure: (a)σ_cc point; (b)σ_ci point; (c)σ_cd point; (d)σ_c point; (e)σ_ce point.

Fig.13 Spatiotemporal evolution distribution and principal strain cloud diagram of seismic source acoustic emission at the critical point of SHS-105 specimen failure: (a)

σ c c ′

point; (b)

σ c i ′

point; (c)

σ c d ′

point; (d)

σ c ′

point; (e)

σ c e ′

point.

Fig.14 The change law of axial stress and acoustic emission counts of SHS-105 specimen.

Fig.15 Acoustic emission signal waveform and frequency spectrum: (a) time domain signal and (b) frequency domain signal.

Fig.16 Crack extension acoustic emission frequency and amplitude variation: (a) HSH-60 and (b) SHS-105.

Tab.5 Statistics of acoustic emission frequency change during crack extension

Tab.6 Types of crack coalescence in the present experimental results

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