Mechanical properties and impact resistance of concrete composites with hybrid steel fibers

doi:10.1007/s11709-022-0828-y

Front. Struct. Civ. Eng.

2022, Vol. 16

Issue (5) : 615-623 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-022-0828-y

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Mechanical properties and impact resistance of concrete composites with hybrid steel fibers

Fatih ÖZALP¹(

), Halit Dilşad YILMAZ², Burcu AKCAY³

¹. Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Medeniyet University, İstanbul 34700, Turkey
². ISTON, Istanbul Concrete Elements Factories, İstanbul 34325, Turkey
³. Faculty of Engineering, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41000, Turkey

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Abstract

The aim of this study is to develop concrete composites that are resistant to armor-piercing projectiles for defense structures. Different reinforcement configurations have been tested, such as short steel fibers, long steel fibers, and steel mesh reinforcement. Three different concrete mix designs were prepared as “Ultra High Performance (UHPFRC), High Performance (HPFRC) and Conventional (CFRC) Fiber Reinforced Concrete”. The content of hybrid steel fibers was approximately 5% in the UHPFRC and HPFRC mixtures, while the steel fiber content was approximately 2.5% in the CFRC mixture. In addition, a plain state of each mixture was produced. Mechanical properties of concrete were determined in experimental studies. In addition to the fracture energy and impact strength, two important indicators of ballistic performance of concrete are examined, which are the penetration depth and damage area. The results of the study show that the depth of penetration in UHPFRC was around 35% less than that in HPFRC. It was determined that the mixtures of UHPFRC and HPFRC containing 5% by volume of hybrid steel fibers showed superior performance (smaller crater diameter and the less projectile penetration depth) against armor-piercing projectiles in ballistic tests and could be used in defense structures.

Keywords projectile impact depth of penetration fracture energy crater diameter UHPFRC

Corresponding Author(s): Fatih ÖZALP

About author:

Tongcan Cui and Yizhe Hou contributed equally to this work.

Just Accepted Date: 06 May 2022 Online First Date: 01 August 2022 Issue Date: 30 August 2022

Cite this article:

Fatih ÖZALP,Halit Dilşad YILMAZ,Burcu AKCAY. Mechanical properties and impact resistance of concrete composites with hybrid steel fibers[J]. Front. Struct. Civ. Eng., 2022, 16(5): 615-623.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fsce/EN/10.1007/s11709-022-0828-y
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fsce/EN/Y2022/V16/I5/615

Tab.1 The properties of hooked-end and straight fibers

Tab.2 Composition of normal, high and ultra high strength/performance concretes

test type	parameters	specimen	dimensions (mm)
compressive strength	$f c ′$ (MPa)	cube	h100
splitting tensile strength	f_spt (MPa)	disc	Ø150, h60
flexural strength	f_flex (MPa), G_F(N/m)	beam	100 × 100 × 500
impact strength	I_R(kNmm)	disc	Ø150, h64

Tab.3 Size of specimens and test types

Fig.1 Schematic representation of the drop weight impact test.

mix code	compressive strength, $f c ′$ (MPa)		splitting tensile strength, f_spt (MPa)		flexural strength, f_flex (MPa)		fracture energy, G_F (N/m)		impact strength, I_R (N·m)
mix code	mean value	SD	mean value	SD	mean value	SD	mean value	SD	mean value	SD
NSC	51.3	2.1	5.7	0.3	5.8	0.2	68	10	41	–
CFRC	53.5	2.3	10.1	0.5	19.2	1.3	6642	521	9549	3255
HSC	84.8	3.2	6.8	0.2	8.1	0.5	70	13	81	–
HPFRC	116.9	2.9	13.1	0.7	26.6	2.1	9953	752	67840	21709
UHSC	105.6	3.5	8.2	0.6	11.2	0.9	82	11	102	–
UHPFRC	163.1	4.7	18.3	1.1	38.8	2.4	14463	1127	*	–

Tab.4 Fracture and strength properties of fiber reinforced and plain concrete

Fig.2 A representative load versus displacement curves of tested concrete series.

Tab.5 Properties of concrete plates and results of impact tests

Fig.3 Front and rear surfaces of NSC (left) and CFRC (right) plates after projectile impact tests.

Fig.4 Front and rear surfaces of HSC (left) and HPFRC (right) plates after projectile impact tests.

Fig.5 Front and rear surfaces of UHSC (left) and UHPFRC (right) plates after projectile impact tests.

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