Soil microbes-mediated enzymes promoted the secondary succession in post-mining plantations on the Loess Plateau, China

doi:10.1007/s42832-022-0148-0

Soil Ecology Letters

2023, Vol. 5

Issue (1) : 79-93 https://doi.org/10.1007/s42832-022-0148-0

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Soil microbes-mediated enzymes promoted the secondary succession in post-mining plantations on the Loess Plateau, China

Qi Zhang¹, Jing Ma², Alejandro Gonzalez-Ollauri³, Yongjun Yang⁴, Fu Chen^1,²(

)

¹. School of Public Policy and Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
². Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Mine Ecological Restoration, Xuzhou 221116, China
³. School of Computing, Engineering and Built Environment, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, G4 0BA Scotland, UK
⁴. School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China

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Abstract

● Vegetation restoration of monoculture is not satisfactory in mining land.

● Native plants accelerated vegetation restoration and soil nutrient accumulation.

● Microbial enzymes boosted the initially slow nutritional metabolism of plantations.

● Soil microbial enzymes promoted positive succession of ecosystems.

The diversity of vegetation configuration is the key to ecological restoration in open-pit coal mine dump. However, the recovery outcomes of different areas with the same vegetation assemblage pattern are completely different after long-term evolution. Therefore, understanding the causes of differential vegetation recovery and the mechanism of plant succession is of great significance to the ecological restoration of mines. Three Pinus tabulaeformis plantations with similar initial site conditions and restoration measures but with different secondary succession processes were selected from the open-pit coal mine dump that has been restored for 30 years. Soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, vegetation and microbial features were investigated, while the structural equation models were established to explore the interactions between plants, soil and microbes. The results showed that original vegetation configuration and soil nutrient conditions were altered due to secondary succession. With the advancement of the secondary succession process, the coverage of plants increased from 34.8% to 95.5% (P < 0.05), soil organic matter increased from 9.30 g kg ⁻¹ to 21.13 g kg⁻¹ (P < 0.05), and total nitrogen increased from 0.38 g kg ⁻¹ to 1.01 g kg⁻¹ (P < 0.05). The activities of soil urease and β-glucosidase were increased by 1.7-fold and 53.26%, respectively. Besides, the secondary succession also changed the soil microbial community structure and function. The relative abundance of Nitrospira genus which dominates the nitrification increased 5.2-fold. The results showed that urease and β-glucosidase promoted the increase of vegetation diversity and biomass by promoting the accumulation of soil organic matter and nitrate nitrogen, which promoted the ecological restoration of mine dumps.

Keywords Soil microbes Secondary succession Pinus tabulaeformis Soil enzyme Ecological restoration

Corresponding Author(s): Fu Chen

Online First Date: 30 June 2022 Issue Date: 28 November 2022

Cite this article:

Qi Zhang,Jing Ma,Alejandro Gonzalez-Ollauri, et al. Soil microbes-mediated enzymes promoted the secondary succession in post-mining plantations on the Loess Plateau, China[J]. Soil Ecology Letters, 2023, 5(1): 79-93.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/sel/EN/10.1007/s42832-022-0148-0
https://academic.hep.com.cn/sel/EN/Y2023/V5/I1/79

Fig.1 The study area and sampling sites of mining reclamation area. (A) Relative location of Antaibao coal mine, and the original plant species used for restoration are shown in the legend. The photographs of the restoration status of these three areas: (B) PT, uninvadedPinus tabulaeformis plantation basically, (C) PE, a mixed forest region, (D) MP, a tree-shrub-grass composite ecosystem.

Tab.1 Vegetation characteristics of plantations with different types of secondary succession

Fig.2 Soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities of plantations with different secondary succession types. Bars with different lowercase letters are significantly different (P < 0.05) as per Duncan analysis. ST, soil temperature; SWC, soil water content; EC, electrical conductivity; NN, nitrate-nitrogen; AN, ammonium nitrogen; TN, total nitrogen; AP, available P; SOM, soil organic matter; URE, urease; CAT, catalase; DHA, dehydrogenase; FDA, fluorescein diacetate; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; BG, beta glucosidase; PPO, polyphenol oxidase.

Tab.2 Soil microbial alpha diversity of three plantations with different types of secondary succession.

Fig.3 The principal coordinate analysis of soil bacteria (A) and fungi (B) of three different secondary succession types of plantations at the species level.

Fig.4 Composition of soil bacteria (A-B) and fungi (C-D) of three plantations with different types of secondary succession.

Fig.5 Structural equation modes of the interaction of vegetation, soil, and microbes. Both the framework model (A) and the specific model (B) are credible (0 ≤

χ 2

/df ≤ 2 and 0.05 < P ≤ 1.00) and the fitting effect is acceptable (0.95 < CFI/IFI ≤ 1.00; 0 ≤ RMSEA ≤0.10). The composite indicator Plant (B) is represented by the Coverage index and Species indicator of vegetation. Fungi and Bacteria (B) are represented by their abundance and Shannon indexes. Soil (B) is represented by soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), and available phosphorus (AP). Soil enzymes (B) are represented by urease (URE) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Red lines indicate negative relationships, while green lines indicate positive relationships. Numbers on arrows are standardized path coefficients. The width of arrows indicates the strength of significant standardized path coefficients. Paths with non-significant coefficients are presented as gray lines. R² denotes the proportion of variance explained. ***P < 0.001; ** P < 0.01; * P < 0.05.

Fig.6 Abundance changes of soil microbial enzyme genes in PE and MP compared with those in PT. Z-Score scale function in R was used to standardize the data. Microbe means the sum of fungi and bacteria.

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