Effects of flue gas desulfurization gypsum and clover planting on qualities of soil and winter jujube in coastal saline-alkali orchard of north China

doi:10.1007/s42832-023-0185-3

Soil Ecology Letters

2024, Vol. 6

Issue (1) : 230185 https://doi.org/10.1007/s42832-023-0185-3

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Effects of flue gas desulfurization gypsum and clover planting on qualities of soil and winter jujube in coastal saline-alkali orchard of north China

Qi Shao¹, Xuejing Xia¹, Guihua Li², Hui Li¹, Jitong Lin¹, Yanhong Lou¹, Quangang Yang¹, Hui Wang¹, Zhongchen Yang¹, Hong Pan¹(

), Yuping Zhuge¹(

)

¹. National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
². Tai’an City Management Comprehensive Service Center, Tai’an 271021, China

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Abstract

● Flue gas desulfurization gypsum and clover planting alleviated the soil salinization stress.

● Soil pH and total phosphorus affected the bacterial communities.

● Total phosphorus affected the fungal communities.

● Flue gas desulfurization gypsum and clover planting improved jujube quality.

The coastal area of Shandong Province, characterized by coastal saline tidal soil, is one of the main production areas of winter jujube in China. However, the low soil fertility and poor soil structure in jujube orchard restricted the development of the jujube industry. The objectives of this study were to 1) evaluate the effect of application of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum and clover planting on soil quality improvement and soil microbial community structure of jujube orchard; 2) investigate the effects of two measures on the nutrition and quality of winter jujube. The results showed that FGD gypsum reduced the soil total salt content by 65.6%, and clover planting increased the soil organic matter content by 30.7%, which effectively alleviated the soil salinization stress and improved the soil structure. Soil pH and total phosphorus (TP) were the main determinants influencing bacterial community composition, and TP was the dominant factor of the fungal community composition in the saline-alkali soils. Meanwhile, FGD gypsum addition and clover planting significantly increased the sugar degree and Vc content of winter jujube, thus improved jujube quality, and further contributed to the ecological sustainable development of winter jujube industry.

Keywords saline-alkali soils winter jujube bacterial community fungal community flue gas desulfurization gypsum clover planting

Corresponding Author(s): Hong Pan,Yuping Zhuge

About author:

^* These authors contributed equally to this work.

Issue Date: 10 December 2023

Cite this article:

Qi Shao,Xuejing Xia,Guihua Li, et al. Effects of flue gas desulfurization gypsum and clover planting on qualities of soil and winter jujube in coastal saline-alkali orchard of north China[J]. Soil Ecology Letters, 2024, 6(1): 230185.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/sel/EN/10.1007/s42832-023-0185-3
https://academic.hep.com.cn/sel/EN/Y2024/V6/I1/230185

Tab.1 Basic physicochemical properties of background soil samples.

Treatment	CK	Clo	FGD
pH	8.11a	8.21a	7.94a
SS (g kg^?1)	2.1474a	1.9625a	0.7398b
SOM (g kg^?1)	22.7396b	29.7151a	24.7164b
TN (g kg^?1)	3.28b	2.51b	4.23a
NH $4 +$ (mg kg^?1)	2.046a	1.567b	1.821ab
NO $3 ?$ (mg kg^?1)	3.645ab	2.629b	4.480a
TP (g kg^?1)	2.5700c	4.6473b	5.7202a
AP (mg kg^?1)	26.5318b	93.2983a	88.7918a
AK (g kg^?1)	334.4639a	219.3140c	260.2670b

Tab.2 Physical and chemical properties of soil under each treatment.

Tab.3 Nutrient contents and fruit quality of Winter Jujube fruits under different treatments.

Fig.1 Distribution of abundant bacterial phyla (A) and fungal phyla (B) in saline-alkali soils. CK, plots with conventional fertilization; Clo, plots with conventional fertilization and clover planting; FGD, plots with conventional fertilization plus flue gas desulfurization gypsum. The length of the bars of each sample on the outer-ring represented the percentage of phyla in each sample.

Fig.2 NMDS analysis of bacterial (A) and fungal (B) communities, respectively, under different amelioration measures. CK, plots with conventional fertilization; Clo, plots with conventional fertilization and clover planting; FGD, plots with conventional fertilization plus flue gas desulfurization gypsum.

Fig.3 Redundancy analysis (RDA) between soil microbial communities and soil properties under different amelioration measures. RDA between bacterial communities and chemical characteristics (A); RDA analysis between fungal communities and soil properties (B). SS, total watersoluble salt content; SOM, soil organic matter; TN, total nitrogen; TP, total phosphorus; AP, available phosphorus; AK, available potassium; NH₄⁺, ammonium nitrogen. The significant differences identified were, ** P < 0.01, and * P < 0.05, based on the mantel test.

Fig.4 Heatmap analysis of soil microbial communities at phylum level and environmental factors in saline-alkali soils. Corrplot showing the correlations between the dominant phyla of bacterial communities and chemical characteristics (A); the correlations between the dominant phyla of fungal communities and chemical properties (B). SS, total watersoluble salt content; SOM, soil organic matter; TN, total nitrogen; TP, total phosphorus; AP, available phosphorus; AK, available potassium. The correlation coefficients in the corrplot plot are colored based on the value and on the degree of association among the variables. Red and blue colors represent significant negative correlations and positive correlations, respectively. Darker color represents stronger correlations. The significant differences identified were, ** P < 0.01, and * P < 0.05, based on the mantel test.

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