Preparation and swelling properties of a starch-g-poly(acrylic acid)/organo-mordenite hydrogel composite

doi:10.1007/s11705-015-1546-y

Front. Chem. Sci. Eng.

2016, Vol. 10

Issue (1) : 147-161 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-015-1546-y

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Preparation and swelling properties of a starch-g-poly(acrylic acid)/organo-mordenite hydrogel composite

Yan Zhang^1,³,Pingqiang Gao³,Lin Zhao^1,^2,^*(

),Yizhong Chen²

1. School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
2. School of Environment Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
3. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University, Shaanxi 719000, China

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Abstract

A novel hydrogel composite was prepared via inverse suspension polymerization using starch, acrylic acid and organo-mordenite micropowder with the crosslinker, N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide and the initiator, potassium persulfate. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy confirmed that the acrylic acid was grafted onto the backbone of the corn starch, that the organo-mordenite participated in the polymerization, and that the addition of organo-mordenite improved the surface morphology of the hydrogel composite. The swelling capacity of the hydrogel composite was evaluated in distilled water, and solutions with different pH values, and various salt solutions. It was found that the incorporation of 10 wt-% organo-mordenite enhanced the water absorbency by 144% (from 268 to 655 g·g⁻¹) and swelling was extremely sensitive to the pH values, the concentration of the salt solution and cation type. Swelling kinetics and water diffusion mechanism of the hydrogel composite in distilled water were also discussed. Moreover, the hydrogel composite showed excellent reversibility of water absorption even after five repetitive cycles and the hydrogel composite exhibited significant environmental-responsiveness by changing the swelling medium from distilled water to 0.1 mol·L⁻¹ NaCl solution. In addition, the loading and release of urea by the hydrogel composite were tested and the nutrient-slow-release capability of this material was found to be suitable for many potential applications.

Keywords hydrogel composite environmental-responsiveness organo-mordenite starch acrylic acid

Corresponding Author(s): Lin Zhao

Online First Date: 01 December 2015 Issue Date: 29 February 2016

Cite this article:

Yan Zhang,Pingqiang Gao,Lin Zhao, et al. Preparation and swelling properties of a starch-g-poly(acrylic acid)/organo-mordenite hydrogel composite[J]. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 2016, 10(1): 147-161.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/10.1007/s11705-015-1546-y
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/Y2016/V10/I1/147

Fig.1 Proposed mechanism for the synthesis of the starch-g-poly(acrylic acid)/organo-mordenite hydrogel composite

Fig.2 FTIR spectra of (a) organo-mordenite, (b) starch, (c) starch-g-poly(acrylic acid) and (d) starch-g-poly(acrylic acid)/organo-mordenite hydrogel composite with 10 wt-% of organo-mordenite

Fig.3 XRD spectra of (a) starch-g-poly(acrylic acid) hydrogel, (b) organo-mordenite, and (c) starch-g-poly(acrylic acid)/organo-mordenite with 10 wt-% organo-mordenite

Fig.4 SEM micrographs of (a) starch-g-poly(acrylic acid), magnification 50000, (b) organo-mordenite, magnification 6000, (c) starch-g-polyacrylic aicd)/organo-mordenite (5 wt-%), magnification 5000, and (d) starch-g-polyacrylic aicd)/organo-mordenite (10 wt-% ), magnification 5000

Fig.5 EDS spectra of (a) starch-g-poly(acrylic acid), (b) organo-mordenite, (c) starch-g-polyacrylic aicd)/organo-mordenite (5 wt-%), and (d) starch-g-polyacrylic aicd)/organo-mordenite (10 wt-%)

Fig.6 Effect of the amount of organo-mordenite on the swelling capacity of starch-g-poly(acrylic acid)/organo-mordenite hydrogel composite (10 wt-%) in distilled water

Fig.7 Swelling behavior of starch-g-poly(acrylic acid) hydrogel and starch-g-poly(acrylic acid)/organo-mordenite hydrogel composite (10 wt-%) as a function of time in distilled water

Fig.8 Swelling behavior of the starch-g-poly(acrylic acid) hydrogel and the starch-g-poly(acrylic acid)/organo-mordenite hydrogel composite (10 wt-%) in distilled water (a) t/W_t versus t and (b) ln(W_t/W_∞) versus lnt.

Tab.1 Swelling kinetics and diffusion parameters for starch-g-poly(acrylic acid) and starch-g-poly(acrylic acid)/organo-mordenite (10 wt-%)

Fig.9 Effect of pH values on the water absorption of hydrogels

Fig.10 Absorption of various salt solutions by hydrogels (a) starch-g-poly(acrylic acid)/organo-mordenite hydrogel composite (10 wt-% organo-mordenite) and (b) starch-g-poly(acrylic acid)

Fig.11 Environmental-responsiveness of starch-g-poly(acrylic acid)/mordenite hydrogel composite: swelling in distilled water and deswelling in NaCl (0.1 mol·L⁻¹)

Fig.12 Reversibility of the hydrogels in distilled water

Fig.13 The equilibrium swelling capacity of the hydrogel composites (10 wt-% organo-mordenite) in urea solutions with different concentrations (0.02, 0.04, 0.08, and 0.12 mol·L⁻¹)

Fig.14 Release of urea from loaded starch-g-poly(acrylic acid)/organo-mordenite (with 10 wt-% organo-mordenite)

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