Functional ferritin nanoparticles for biomedical applications

doi:10.1007/s11705-017-1620-8

Front. Chem. Sci. Eng.

2017, Vol. 11

Issue (4) : 633-646 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-017-1620-8

REVIEW ARTICLE

Functional ferritin nanoparticles for biomedical applications

Zhantong Wang^1,², Haiyan Gao¹, Yang Zhang¹, Gang Liu¹(

), Gang Niu², Xiaoyuan Chen²(

)

¹. State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
². Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA

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Abstract

Ferritin, a major iron storage protein with a hollow interior cavity, has been reported recently to play many important roles in biomedical and bioengineering applications. Owing to the unique architecture and surface properties, ferritin nanoparticles offer favorable characteristics and can be either genetically or chemically modified to impart functionalities to their surfaces, and therapeutics or probes can be encapsulated in their interiors by controlled and reversible assembly/disassembly. There has been an outburst of interest regarding the employment of functional ferritin nanoparticles in nanomedicine. This review will highlight the recent advances in ferritin nanoparticles for drug delivery, bioassay, and molecular imaging with a particular focus on their biomedical applications.

Keywords nanomedicine ferritin drug delivery bioassay molecular imaging

Corresponding Author(s): Gang Liu,Xiaoyuan Chen

Just Accepted Date: 05 January 2017 Online First Date: 15 February 2017 Issue Date: 06 November 2017

Cite this article:

Zhantong Wang,Haiyan Gao,Yang Zhang, et al. Functional ferritin nanoparticles for biomedical applications[J]. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 2017, 11(4): 633-646.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/10.1007/s11705-017-1620-8
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/Y2017/V11/I4/633

Fig.1 Scheme structure of human H chain ferritin. Adapted from ref. [5] with permission

Fig.2 Schematic representation of nanomedicine applications of functional ferritin nanoparticles

Fig.3 (a) Schematic illustration of Cu-DOX loaded, RGD and ZW800 modified ferritin (FRT) nanoparticle; (b) Therapeutic studies on U87MG tumor-bearing mice. Significant difference in tumor growth was found between Dox-loaded RFRTs (D-RFRTs) treated mice and those treated with PBS, RGD4C modified FRTs (RFRTs) and free Dox (P<0.05) on day 18. Adapted from ref. [12] with permission

Fig.4 Schematic illustration of the electrochemical immunoassay protocol. The avidin-modified magnetic beads are linked to biotinylated TNF-α primary antibody. The biotinylated secondary TNF-α antibody is coupled to cadmium phosphate–apoferritin nanoparticle labels using streptavidin as a bridge. The sandwich complex containing TNF-α antigen is then separated by magnetic field followed by electrochemical measurement at pH 4.6, at which cadmium ions are released in situ and detected by a plated mercury film electrode. Adapted from ref. [74] with permission

Fig.5 Basement membrane detection in kidney glomeruli. (a,b) Immunofluorescence microscopy (40×) showing the accumulation of systemically injected cationized ferritin (CF) (b) in glomerular basement membrane of rat kidneys and little accumulation of native ferritin (NF) (a); (c,d) transmission electron microscopy of normal rat kidney glomeruli after three systemic injection of NF (c) and CF (d). Scale bars= 100 nm; (e,f) Respiratory-gated MRI (GRE) detection of CF after intravenous injection: (e) GRE image of a rat kidney after five NF injections, showing darkening of the MRI signal due to blood vessels in the cortex and medulla. (f) GRE image of a rat kidney after five injections of CF, showing darkening of glomeruli in the cortex due to accumulation of CF; (g,h,i) detection of glomerular injury in puromycin-induced focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) by GRE MRI with CF. The accumulation of CF showed a clear spotted distribution in glomeruli from normal kidney (g), the spots were surrounded by areas of signal hypointensity but still visible in cortex of kidney from early FSGS (h) at day 13 after puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)?injection, and then cortical signal was darkened without visible spots in kidneys of late FSGS (i) 13 weeks after PAN injection in an ex vivo study. Adapted from ref. [105] with permission

Fig.6 In vivo ?MRI of carotid arteries in ligated and sham-operated mice with magnetite mineralized heavy-chain ferritin (HFn-Fe₃O₄). (a) The ligated left carotid artery (LCA) is smaller than the non-ligated right carotid artery (RCA) prior to contrast injection. Concentric signal loss was found in the LCA lumen at 24 and 48 h after HFn-Fe3O4 injection but not for the RCA;?(b)?no change was seen in the sham-operated LCA. Adapted from ref. [93] with permission

Fig.7 Illustration of the process of triple loading of chimeric ferritin nanoparticles. RGD4C peptide is genetically fused to the N-terminus of ferritin, Cy5.5 is coupled to the protein surface via standard EDC-NHS chemistry. At acidic pH, RGD4C-ferritin and Cy5.5-ferritin conjugates are mixed and broken into individual subunits, which were radiolabeled with 64Cu and then reconstituted into chimeric ferritin nanocages that contain both RGD peptide and Cy5.5 fluorophore on the surface and radioisotope in the cavity. Adapted from ref. [16] with permission

Fig.8 Schematic illustration of copper sulfide-ferritin nanoparticle were radiolabeled with ⁶⁴Cu and used for photoacoustic and PET imaging guided photothermal therapy agent. Adapted from ref. [118] with permission

Fig.9 Biodistribution of ⁶⁴Cu-labeled ferritin nanoparticles in U87MG tumor-bearing mice after intravenous injection. Adapted from ref. [118] with permission

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