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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering

ISSN 2095-0179

ISSN 2095-0187(Online)

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Front. Chem. Sci. Eng.    2019, Vol. 13 Issue (2) : 400-414    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-018-1757-0
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Effect of adding a smart potassium ion-responsive copolymer into polysulfone support membrane on the performance of thin-film composite nanofiltration membrane
Meibo He1,2, Zhuang Liu3, Tong Li4, Chen Chen5, Baicang Liu1,2(), John C. Crittenden6
1. Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, China
2. College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
3. School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
4. Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
5. Litree Purifying Technology Co., Ltd, Haikou 571126, China
6. Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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Abstract

Thin-film composite (TFC) nanofiltration (NF) membranes were fabricated via the interfacial polymerization of piperazine (PIP) and 1,3,5-benzenetricarbonyl trichloride on polysulfone (PSf) support membranes blended with K+-responsive poly(N-isopropylacryamide-co-acryloylamidobenzo-15-crown-5) (P(NIPAM-co-AAB15C5)). Membranes were characterized by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscope, scanning electron microscope, contact angle, and filtration tests. The results showed that: (1) Under K+-free conditions, the blended P(NIPAM-co-AAB15C5)/PSf supports had porous and hydrophilic surfaces, thereby producing NF membranes with smooth surfaces and low MgSO4 rejections; (2) With K+ in the PIP solution, the surface roughness and water permeability of the resultant NF membrane were increased due to the K+-induced transition of low-content P(NIPAM-co-AAB15C5) from hydrophilic to hydrophobic; (3) After a curing treatment at 95 °C, the improved NF membrane achieved an even higher pure water permeability of 10.97 L·m−2·h−1·bar−1 under 200 psi. Overall, this study provides a novel method to improve the performance of NF membranes and helps understand the influence of supports on TFC membranes.
Keywords nanofiltration      interfacial polymerization      support membrane      potassium ion-responsive      thin-film composite     
Corresponding Author(s): Baicang Liu   
Just Accepted Date: 13 June 2018   Online First Date: 16 October 2018    Issue Date: 22 May 2019
 Cite this article:   
Meibo He,Zhuang Liu,Tong Li, et al. Effect of adding a smart potassium ion-responsive copolymer into polysulfone support membrane on the performance of thin-film composite nanofiltration membrane[J]. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 2019, 13(2): 400-414.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/10.1007/s11705-018-1757-0
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/Y2019/V13/I2/400
Fig.1  The chemical structure of the the K+-responsive P(NIPAM-co-AAB15C5) copolymer
Membrane PSf /wt-% P(NIPAM-co-AAB15C5) /wt-% Additive/PSf /(wt·wt−1%) Solvent
NMP/wt-%		 IP solution A IP solution B Curing treatment in a DI water bath at 95 °C for 120 s
PIP/wt-% NaOH/wt-% KCl/(mol·L−1) TMC in Isopar-G /(wt·v−1%)
M1 18 0 0 82 2 0.1 0 0.25 ?
M2 18 0.45 2.5 81.55 2 0.1 0 0.25 ?
M3 18 0.45 2.5 81.55 2 0.1 0.1 0.25 ?
M4 18 0.45 2.5 81.55 2 0.1 0.1 0.25 Yes
M5 18 0.9 5 81.10 2 0.1 0 0.25 ?
M6 18 0.9 5 81.10 2 0.1 0.1 0.25 ?
Tab.1  The composition of support membrane casting solutions and IP solutions
Fig.2  ATR-FTIR spectra of different PSf membranes
Fig.3  XPS spectra for the surfaces of PSf membranes
Membrane O/% C/% N/% S/%
Pure PSf 10.86 84.69 ? 4.45
PSf-2.5 12.05 83.59 ? 4.35
PSf-5 11.56 83.70 1.54 3.19
Tab.2  Elemental composition analysis of PSf membrane surfaces
Fig.4  SEM images of surface morphologies of (a) pure PSf membrane, (b) membrane PSf-2.5, (c) membrane PSf-5
Membrane Daverage/nm Dmax/nm Pore density/m−2 Surface porosity/%
Pure PSf 10.35±3.23 18.05 1.2 × 1014 1.16
PSf-2.5 11.10±3.96 24.66 1.6 × 1014 1.90
PSf-5 11.38±3.84 21.71 2.3 × 1014 2.78
Tab.3  Pore distribution of PSf membranes
Fig.5  Water and 0.1 mol·L−1 KCl solution contact angles of PSf support membranes at room temperature (~25 °C)
Fig.6  ATR-FTIR spectra of polyamide TFC NF membranes fabricated via the IP of PIP and TMC on PSf supports
Fig.7  XPS spectra for surfaces of NF membranes
Membrane O/% C/% N/% S/% O/N
M1 15.36 72.56 10.65 1.43 1.4
M2 13.77 73.47 11.42 1.34 1.2
M3 14.47 72.74 12.25 0.54 1.2
M4 14.68 73.44 11.43 0.45 1.2
M5 14.55 74.28 10.60 0.57 1.4
M6 13.35 81.16 2.96 2.53 5.2
Tab.4  Elemental composition analysis of NF membrane surfaces
Fig.8  SEM surface morphologies of NF membranes: (a) M1; (b) M2; (c) M3; (d) M4; (e) M5; (f) M6
Fig.9  (a–e) AFM 3D images of the M1–M5 membranes and (f) the summary of surface roughness
Fig.10  Water contact angle of NF membranes
Fig.11  Pure water permeability and MgSO4 rejection of NF membranes under 200 psi
Membrane Pure water permeability /(L·m−2·h−1·bar−1) MgSO4 rejection/% Operation conditions Ref.
M4 10.97±1.45 75±7.2 200 psi, 25 °C This work
PIP( 3 g· L−1 )/TMC(3 g· L−1 ) on TA/DETA-PSF 10 >95 0.6 MPa, 25 °C [31]
PIP( 1.76 w ·v−1%)/NTSC(0.03 w·v−1% ) 7.4 70.8 0.5 MPa, 25 °C [51]
PVAm1 (0.6 wt-%)/IPC (0.08 w ·v−1%) 6.13 77.8 0.6 MPa, 25 °C [52]
PEI (2.4 wt-%)+ PIP(0. 6 wt-%))/TMC(0.3 w·v−1)% 5.06 75 1 MPa [53]
Alcohol amine (6 w· v−1%) + SDS(0.3 w· v −1%) + LiBr( 3 w ·v−1%)/TMC(0.2 w·v−1% ) 2.29 25 0.7 MPa [54]
Dopamine( 0.5 wt -%)/TMC(0.2 w·v−1% ) ≈6 27.2 0.2 MPa, 20 °C [55]
Tab.5  Comparison of performance of the membrane M4 in this study with other interfacially polymerized composite NF membranes reported in previous studies
Fig.12  Schematic illustration of the effects of P(NIPAM-co-AAB15C5) in PSf support membranes on the formation of PA layers
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