An extraction- assay system: Evaluation on flavonols in plant resistance to Pb and Cd by supercritical extraction- gas chromatography

doi:10.1007/s11783-018-1059-2

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2018, Vol. 12

Issue (4) : 6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-018-1059-2

RESEARCH ARTICLE

An extraction- assay system: Evaluation on flavonols in plant resistance to Pb and Cd by supercritical extraction- gas chromatography

Xu Zhang¹, Huanhuan Yang², Xinlei Wang¹, Wen Song¹, Zhaojie Cui¹(

)

¹. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
². School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China

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Abstract

SFE-GC system is established for flavonols assessment.

Optimal parameters of SFE-GC are evaluated and determined.

Quercetin and kaempferol are detected in plant under heavy metal stress.

Gene expression analysis shows consistent regularity with content of flavonols.

ROS level is applied for elaborating the plant resistance status.

In this research, supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SFE) showed better extraction effect when compared with Solid- liquid extraction (SLE), Soxhlet extraction (SE) and Ultrasonic extraction (UE), not only in the rate but also the time. The comparison among these three extraction modifiers, including acetone, ethanol and methanol demonstrated that ethanol was preferred to SFE due to its high extraction effect and low toxicology. In addition, parameter of SFE, influence of temperature and pressure were investigated, and the best extraction effect was achieved at the optima conditions, temperature of 40°C and the pressure of 35 Mpa. Thus, SFE is a highly effective method for flavonols extraction, requiring minimum energy and producing non-toxic byproduct. SFE-GC system is applied for the evaluation on flavonols that plays a key role in plant resistance to heavy metal, with its content and synthetase gene expression significantly increasing in plant when threatened by heavy metal. Besides, results indicated that flavonols can improve plant resistance to oxidative stress by quenching the redundant ROS in matrix.

Keywords Flavonols Heavy metal Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SFE) GC Plant resistance

Corresponding Author(s): Zhaojie Cui

Issue Date: 19 July 2018

Cite this article:

Xu Zhang,Huanhuan Yang,Xinlei Wang, et al. An extraction- assay system: Evaluation on flavonols in plant resistance to Pb and Cd by supercritical extraction- gas chromatography[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2018, 12(4): 6.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-018-1059-2
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2018/V12/I4/6

Fig.1 SFE- GC extraction and detection system of flavonols

Fig.2 Modifier comparison among methanol, acetone and ethanol

Fig.3 Optimum parameter analysis of pressure and temperature

Fig.4 Effect of static time and dynamic time

Fig.5 Extraction efficiency of four different methods

Fig.6 Relative content and expression of quercetin and kaempferol in plant samples

Fig.7 DAB and NBT detection of quercetin and kaempferol groups with Pb or Cd

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