Biogenic palladium prepared by activated sludge microbes for the hexavalent chromium catalytic reduction: Impact of relative biomass

doi:10.1007/s11783-019-1206-4

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2020, Vol. 14

Issue (2) : 27 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-019-1206-4

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Biogenic palladium prepared by activated sludge microbes for the hexavalent chromium catalytic reduction: Impact of relative biomass

Luman Zhou^1,², Chengyang Wu^1,², Yuwei Xie^1,², Siqing Xia^1,²(

)

¹. State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
². Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China

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Abstract

• Pd nanoparticles could be reduced and supported by activated sludge microbes.

• The effect of biomass on Pd adsorption by microbes is greater than Pd reduction.

• More biomass reduces Pd particle size, which is more dispersed on the cell surface.

• When the biomass/Pd add to 6, the catalytic reduction rate of Cr(VI) reaches stable.

Palladium, a kind of platinum group metal, owns catalytic capacity for a variety of hydrogenations. In this study, Pd nanoparticles (PdNPs) were generated through enzymatic recovery by microbes of activated sludge at various biomass/Pd, and further used for the Cr(VI) reduction. The results show that biomass had a strong adsorption capacity for Pd(II), which was 17.25 mg Pd/g sludge. The XRD and TEM-EDX results confirmed the existence of PdNPs associated with microbes (bio-Pd). The increase of biomass had little effect on the reduction rate of Pd(II), but it could cause decreasing particle size and shifting location of Pd(0) with the better dispersion degree on the cell surface. In the Cr(VI) reduction experiments, Cr(VI) was first adsorbed on bio-Pd with hydrogen and then reduced using active hydrogen as electron donor. Biomass improved the catalytic activity of PdNPs. When the biomass/Pd (w/w) ratio increased to six or higher, Cr(VI) reduction achieved maximum rate that 50 mg/L of Cr(VI) could be rapidly reduced in one minute.

Keywords Palladium nanoparticles Activated sludge Hexavalent chromium

Corresponding Author(s): Siqing Xia

Issue Date: 27 December 2019

Cite this article:

Luman Zhou,Chengyang Wu,Yuwei Xie, et al. Biogenic palladium prepared by activated sludge microbes for the hexavalent chromium catalytic reduction: Impact of relative biomass[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2020, 14(2): 27.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-019-1206-4
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2020/V14/I2/27

Tab.1 Operational parameters for all tests

Fig.1 Phylogenetic profiling of the major microflora in the activated sludge at the family (a) and class (b) levels. Phylotypes<3% are grouped within others.

Fig.2 Pd(II) concentration over time at different VSS/Pd, during the initial 1 h with N₂; (inset) Pd adsorbance against sludge quantity.

Fig.3 Pd(II) concentration over time at different VSS/Pd, during the ensuing 1 h with H₂; (inset) the rate constant (K) against VSS.

Fig.4 TEM images, corresponding size histogram and EDX spectrum of bio-Pd at VSS/Pd= 1 (a), (b), (c); VSS/Pd= 3 (d), (e), (f); VSS/Pd= 6 (g), (h), (i). Note the black bar for scale is 1 mm in length, the white bar for scale is 100 or 20 nm in length.

Fig.5 Cr(VI) concentration over time at different VSS/Pd, during the 130 min with H₂. Error bars represent standard deviation of duplicate experimental time series.

Tab.2 The kinetic parameters of bio-Pd for Cr(VI) catalytic reduction

Fig.6 Cr(VI) concentration over time in tests A, B and C, during the 6 h with H₂ (a). Cr(VI) concentration over time in tests D and E, during the 6 h with N₂ (b). Error bars represent standard deviation of duplicate experimental time series.

Fig.7 Schematic representation of the catalytic activity of bio-Pd catalyst.

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