Biological removal of selenate in saline wastewater by activated sludge under alternating anoxic/oxic conditions

doi:10.1007/s11783-019-1154-z

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2019, Vol. 13

Issue (5) : 68 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-019-1154-z

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Biological removal of selenate in saline wastewater by activated sludge under alternating anoxic/oxic conditions

Yuanyuan Zhang¹, Masashi Kuroda¹, Shunsuke Arai², Fumitaka Kato², Daisuke Inoue¹, Michihiko Ike¹(

)

¹. Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
². Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation, 20-1 Shintomi, Futtsu, Chiba 293-8511, Japan

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Abstract

Removal of selenate in saline wastewater by activated sludge was examined.

Sequencing batch reactor was operated under alternating anoxic/oxic conditions.

Above 97% removal of soluble selenium (Se) was achieved continuously.

Major Se removal mechanism varied depending on the length of aeration period.

Various Se-reducing bacteria likely contributed to coordinately to Se removal.

Selenium (Se)-containing industrial wastewater is often coupled with notable salinity. However, limited studies have examined biological treatment of Se-containing wastewater under high salinity conditions. In this study, a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) inoculated with activated sludge was applied to treat selenate in synthetic saline wastewater (3% w/v NaCl) supplemented with lactate as the carbon source. Start-up of the SBR was performed with addition of 1–5 mM of selenate under oxygen-limiting conditions, which succeeded in removing more than 99% of the soluble Se. Then, the treatment of 1 mM Se with cycle duration of 3 days was carried out under alternating anoxic/oxic conditions by adding aeration period after oxygen-limiting period. Although the SBR maintained soluble Se removal of above 97%, considerable amount of solid Se remained in the effluent as suspended solids and total Se removal fluctuated between about 40 and 80%. Surprisingly, the mass balance calculation found a considerable decrease of Se accumulated in the SBR when the aeration period was prolonged to 7 h, indicating very efficient Se biovolatilization. Furthermore, microbial community analysis suggested that various Se-reducing bacteria coordinately contributed to the removal of Se in the SBR and main contributors varied depending on the operational conditions. This study will offer implications for practical biological treatment of selenium in saline wastewater.

Keywords Activated sludge Selenate reduction Saline wastewater Sequencing batch reactor Alternating anoxic/oxic conditions Selenium biovolatilization

Corresponding Author(s): Michihiko Ike

Issue Date: 05 August 2019

Cite this article:

Yuanyuan Zhang,Masashi Kuroda,Shunsuke Arai, et al. Biological removal of selenate in saline wastewater by activated sludge under alternating anoxic/oxic conditions[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2019, 13(5): 68.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-019-1154-z
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2019/V13/I5/68

Tab.1 Operational phases of SBR

Fig.1 Se removal efficiencies (a), Se concentrations (b), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal efficiencies (c), DOC concentrations (d), solid Se (e) and aeration duration (f) during start-up phase (left) and Se treatment phase (right).

Fig.2 Sludge color change during the start-up period.

Tab.2 Cumulative Se mass balance in phases IV, V and VI

Tab.3 Summary of 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of sludge samples

Fig.3 Bacterial community structure at phylum level. Rare phyla (relative abundance<1.0%) were classified as “unassigned; Other.”

Fig.4 Scatter plots (a) and dendrogram (b), respectively, of PCA and cluster analysis of bacterial community structures in different batches. The number near the plot is the sampling batch.

Tab.4 Predominant OTUs with relative abundance of >10% in at least one sample

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