There are two problems with regard to the structure of Chinese criminal law. Firstly, the crimes that are defined in the Chinese criminal code are approximately equal to the felonies that are defined in the western criminal codes, while re-education through labor and penalty for administration of public security similar to the misdemeanors and violations in western countries respectively are not included in the Chinese criminal code, and meanwhile the security measures have not been systematized. Secondly, crimes and penalties, except in criminal law, can not be prescribed in administrative laws and economic laws, and such single track system of conviction and sentencing fails to satisfy the current social situation in which the number of mala prohibia has increased so much. The way to reform Chinese criminal law structure: Firstly, it is to establish a double track system, where mala prohibia should be prescribed in the related administrative laws or economic laws; secondly, a comprehensive criminal code should be reformulated in which felonies, misdemeanors, violations and security measures are all included.

Malicious withdrawal from ATM constitutes offence of theft and belongs to “theft from financial institutions”. In case of “extremely huge amount”, according to China’s Criminal Law, the minimum statutory penalty for the accused is life imprisonment, which is undoubtedly too severe. So far as judiciaries are concerned, reflection should be made with respect to the relevant legislative provisions. In handling individual cases, the wisest practice for judiciaries is to refer to the provision of clause 2 of article 63 of the Criminal Law, hence submitting them to the examination and approval by the Supreme Court for mitigation of penalties.

Sentencing has long been a neglected area of analysis by both China’s academic and judicial circles. Nominally, there are no specific prescriptions in China’s criminal law regarding sentencing; in practice, however, courts arbitrarily integrate sentencing into the conviction proceedings of criminal trials. This lack of established specificity, when coupled with variation in the practice of different courts in various localities, has led to a general lack of transparency and substantial discrepancies in sentencing. Though some critics of the current system propose to unify the sentencing practice by adopting “computerized sentencing”, it is important to keep in mind that a sentencing system must necessarily be a dynamic process. As such, the focus and goal of sentencing should not merely be to compute a final punishment; rather, the system must justly reflect the society’s final evaluation of the offender and the crime. It is difficult to imagine that one-dimensional system as computerized sentencing can take into account the multitude of factors in considering a crime. Therefore, although it is necessary that the sentencing process should be separated from the conviction process, a “computerized” system may not be the best alternative.

The concept of public interest is the core concept of anti-monopoly law, whose core position is embodied in two aspects: On one hand, the concept of public interest is the ideological basis of generating modern anti-monopoly law; on the other hand, it serves as a platform for integration of multi-value of anti-monopoly law. The function of public interest concept of anti-monopoly law is embodied by public interest clauses of the Anti-monopoly Law. More specifically, public interest is an important standard in judging whether it restrains competition and a key basis of exception in application of the anti-monopoly law, and it influences the execution procedure of anti-monopoly law. The public interest clauses in the Anti-Monopoly Law have some defects, which should be improved in two aspects: One is to keep consistent in use of concepts,the other is to be rational in grasping the connotation thereof.

Defining relevant markets is the foundation of establishing main antimonopoly regimes and the key issue in enforcing antimonopoly law, which often reflects the leniency or strictness of enforcement. In the process of defining relevant product market, the main factors to be considered include physical function and use purpose of product, product price, consumers’ preference and substitutable possibility of product supply. In defining relevant geographic market, the main consideration involves transportation cost and product characteristics, product price, consumers’ preference and barriers to market access. On the occasion of forthcoming enforcement of the Antimonopoly Law of China, the enforcement authorities should draw up a specific rule of the definition of relevant markets.

The traditional theory of property and tort law generally denies personality interests in property. In recent years, legislative and judicial practices at home and abroad have turned to care for personality interests in property and to protect it. The property with personality interests can be classified into four categories, namely, (a) property with personality symbolism, (b) property with specific human emotion, (c) property originated from specific human body, and (d) intellectual property from specific human wisdom, the first two of which internalize external matters and the last two externalize the inherent self. Comparing with fungible property, the property with personality interests on the basic of facts and law shall be more protected in legislative and judicial practices.

In recent years the cases of blog infringement are on the increase, attracting more attention from all walks of life. The author provides a preliminary discussion on the status, elements, and judicial finding of blog infringement, as well as civil liabilities for blog infringement, in the hope of contributing to the research and legislative regulation of blog infringement.

Water resources have the functions as domestic water, resource water and environmental water, on the basis of which the legislative framework of water resource regulations shall be studied. Firstly, domestic water shall be deemed as property right and the legislation shall protect the realization of the fundamental human rights for use of domestic water. Secondly, with respect to resource water, an independent water resource regulatory agency shall be established; and meanwhile, the legislation shall promote the construction of water right market based on property rights and improve the utility of water resources. Thirdly, since environmental water is one of the public goods, the legislation shall create a path of privatization in implementing mechanism for realizing the use of environmental water and the franchising system provides a practical solution to privatization of environmental water.

With the deepening of globalization, many provisions in the Nationality Law of China promulgated in 1980 are already out of time and some provisions are easy to trigger dual nationalities. Consequently, while sticking to the basic principle of the Nationality Law, certain provisions of the Nationality Law of China should be gradually improved according to the present situation of international and domestic development, and the implementing guidelines for the Nationality Law should be introduced to construct a relatively complete legal system to adjust and regulate various relationships of nationality.

The difficulty of foreign-related judicial document service is one of the hot issues in the discussion of Chinese international judicial theory and practice. In 2006, the Supreme Court released the Several Provisions on the Service of Judicial Documents of Foreign-related Civil or Commercial Cases, which can mitigate the existing problem to some extent. However, it is only a makeshift to rely on judicial interpretation to solve foreign-related judicial document service but can not settle the problem fundamentally. We should make full use of the legislative interpretation and modify the related provisions in the current Civil Procedure Law for improving China’s legal system of foreign-related document service.