Modeling water and heat transfer in soil-plant-atmosphere continuum applied to maize growth under plastic film mulching

doi:10.15302/J-FASE-2019258

Front. Agr. Sci. Eng.

2019, Vol. 6

Issue (2) : 144-161 https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2019258

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Modeling water and heat transfer in soil-plant-atmosphere continuum applied to maize growth under plastic film mulching

Meng DUAN¹, Jin XIE², Xiaomin MAO¹(

)

¹. Centre for Agricultural Water Research in China/College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
². Hunan Polytechnic of Water Resources and Electric Power, Changsha 410131, China

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Abstract

Based on our previous work modeling crop growth (CropSPAC) and water and heat transfer in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC), the model was improved by considering the effect of plastic film mulching applied to field-grown maize in North-west China. In CropSPAC, a single layer canopy model and a multi-layer soil model were adopted to simulate the energy partition between the canopy and water and heat transfer in the soil, respectively. The maize growth module included photosynthesis, growth stage calculation, biomass accumulation, and participation. The CropSPAC model coupled the maize growth module and SPAC water and heat transfer module through leaf area index (LAI), plant height and soil moisture condition in the root zone. The LAI and plant height were calculated from the maize growth module and used as input for the SPAC water and heat transfer module, and the SPAC module output for soil water stress conditions used as an input for maize growth module. We used r_s, the representation of evaporation resistance, instead of the commonly used evaporation resistance r_s0 to reflect the change of latent heat flux of soil evaporation under film mulching as well as the induced change in energy partition. The model was tested in a maize field at Yingke irrigation area in North-west China. Results showed reasonable agreement between the simulations and measurements of LAI, above-ground biomass and soil water content. Compared with the original model, the modified model was more reliable for maize growth simulation under film mulching and showed better accuracy for the LAI (with the coefficient of determination R² = 0.92, the root mean square of error RMSE= 1.23, and the Nush-Suttclife efficiency E_ns = 0.87), the above-ground biomass (with R² = 0.96, RMSE= 7.17 t·ha⁻¹ and E_ns = 0.95) and the soil water content in 0–1 m soil layer (with R² = 0.78, RMSE= 49.44 mm and E_ns = 0.26). Scenarios were considered to simulate the influence of future climate change and film mulching on crop growth, soil water and heat conditions, and crop yield. The simulations indicated that the change of LAI, leaf biomass and yield are negatively correlated with temperature change, but the growing degree-days, evaporation, soil water content and soil temperature are positively correlated with temperature change. With an increase in the ratio of film mulching area, the evaporation will decrease, while the impact of film mulching on crop transpiration is not significant. In general, film mulching is effective in saving water, preserving soil moisture, increasing soil surface temperature, shortening the potential growth period, and increasing the potential yield of maize.

Keywords film mulching growth stage leaf area index maize growth water and heat transfer

Corresponding Author(s): Xiaomin MAO

Just Accepted Date: 18 April 2019 Online First Date: 10 May 2019 Issue Date: 22 May 2019

Cite this article:

Meng DUAN,Jin XIE,Xiaomin MAO. Modeling water and heat transfer in soil-plant-atmosphere continuum applied to maize growth under plastic film mulching[J]. Front. Agr. Sci. Eng. , 2019, 6(2): 144-161.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fase/EN/10.15302/J-FASE-2019258
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fase/EN/Y2019/V6/I2/144

Fig.1 Diagram of water and heat transfer in Crop-SPAC (maize growth) under film mulching

Parameter	Description	Value range	Value	Unit
T_b	Base temperature of maize growth	–	8	°C
T_o	Optimum temperature of maize growth	–	34	°C
T_m	Maximum temperature of maize growth	–	44	°C
GDD	Growing degree-days	–	6	°C·d⁻¹·cm⁻¹
P1	GDD of Stage 2	5–450	352	°C·d⁻¹
P20	Critical day length of maize	–	12.5	h
P2	Days with increased hours of sunshine	0–2	0.796	d·h⁻¹
DJTI	GDD of Stage 3	–	4	d
PHINT	Leaf interval	–	75	°C·d⁻¹
DSGFT	GDD of Stage 5	–	170	°C·d⁻¹
P5	GDD of Stage 6	580–999	600	°C·d⁻¹
$α$	The ratio of film mulching area	0–1	0.7	–

Tab.1 Parameters used in the maize growth stages

Fig.2 Comparison between simulated and measured soil water storage in 0-1 m soil layer

Fig.3 Comparison between simulated and measured soil water content at 10 June (a), 20 June (b), 24 July (c) and 16 August (d).

Fig.4 Daily averaged soil temperature simulated processes at depths of 10 (a), 50 (b), (c) 100 (c) and 150 cm (d)

Fig.5 Simulated values of soil temperature profiles at different times (24:00, 08:00, 16:00) on 10 May (a), 22 June (b), 21 July (c)and 1 September(d).

Fig.6 Daily evaporation (E), transpiration (T) and cumulative evapotranspiration (ET) processes during simulation period for crop growth

Fig.7 Comparison between simulated and measured leaf area index

Fig.8 Comparison between simulated and measured above-ground biomass

Tab.2 Comparison between simulated and measured yield (t·ha⁻¹)

Fig.9 Simulation of maize developmental stages, leaf area index and leaf biomass

Tab.3 Comparison of the effect of temperature change on yield(t/ha)

Fig.10 The simulation of daily evaporation and transpiration

Tab.4 Comparison of the effect of temperature change on ET (mm·d⁻¹) and WUE (kg·ha⁻¹·mm⁻¹)

Fig.11 The simulated and actual soil water content and soil temperature

Fig.12 Simulation of daily evaporation and daily transpiration

Fig.13 The simulation of soil water content and soil temperature

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