Lodging resistance and yield potential of winter wheat: effect of planting density and genotype

doi:10.15302/J-FASE-2015061

Front. Agr. Sci. Eng.

2015, Vol. 2

Issue (2) : 168-178 https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2015061

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Lodging resistance and yield potential of winter wheat: effect of planting density and genotype

Yonggui XIAO¹,Jianjun LIU²,Haosheng LI²,Xinyou CAO²,Xianchun XIA¹,Zhonghu HE^1,^3,^*(

)

1. Institute of Crop Science, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
2. Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
3. International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) China Office, c/o CAAS, Beijing 100081, China

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Abstract

Improved lodging resistance is important for achieving high yield in irrigated environments. This study was conducted to determine genotypic variation in lodging resistance and related morphological traits among winter wheat cultivars planted at two densities, and to identify key traits associated with lodging resistance. Lodging performance of 28 genotypes, including 24 released cultivars and four advanced lines, was evaluated at 250 plants per square meter and 500 plants per square meter in Shandong province during the 2008–2009 and 2009–2010 crop seasons. At the higher density, the average grain yield was 2.6% higher, even though lodging score rose by as much as 136%. The higher planting density increased lodging through increased leaf area index (LAI), plant height, center of gravity and length of basal internodes, and reduced grain weight per spike and diameter of the lower two stem internodes. LAI, center of gravity and diameter of first internodes, as the important indicators for lodging resistance, were significantly correlated with lodging score, with R= 0.62, 0.59 and −0.52 (P<0.01), respectively. Plant pushing resistance was significantly associated with diameter and length of the first internodes (R = 0.71–0.77, P<0.01), indicating it could be used to assess the strength of the lower stem. Higher planting density could be used to select genotypes with lodging resistance in irrigated environments. Cultivars carrying high plant density tolerance and high yield potential, such as Jimai 22 and Liangxing 66, were recommended as leading cultivars for production as well as elite crossing parents for further increasing yield potential in the Yellow and Huai Valleys Winter Wheat Zone in China.

Keywords common wheat yield potential lodging performance pushing resistance leaf area index

Corresponding Author(s): Zhonghu HE

Online First Date: 20 July 2015 Issue Date: 25 September 2015

Cite this article:

Yonggui XIAO,Jianjun LIU,Haosheng LI, et al. Lodging resistance and yield potential of winter wheat: effect of planting density and genotype[J]. Front. Agr. Sci. Eng. , 2015, 2(2): 168-178.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fase/EN/10.15302/J-FASE-2015061
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fase/EN/Y2015/V2/I2/168

Fig.1 Daily temperature and rainfall regimes during growing season at the experimental site in 2008-2009 (a) and 2009-2010 (b). Arrows indicate lodging events during the grain-filling stages.

Tab.1 Pedigree, year released, dwarfing genes and lodging performance of 28 wheat genotypes grown at Jinan, Shandong, 2008 to 2010

Fig.2 Diagram illustrating the measurement of pushing resistance of 15 culms in the center of plant gravity

Tab.2 Summaries of analyses of variance for yield traits, morphological parameters and lodging performance in the 2008-09 and 2009-10 crop seasons

Source	YLD^a/(t·hm^-2)	TKW/g	GPSM(× 10³)	PH/cm	LAI	LS/%	PR/N	DFI/mm	DSI/mm
250^b	500	250	500	250	500	250	500
Lumai 21	7.3	36.8	17.5	82.6	5.8	1.1	17.2	2.7	1.4	4.0	3.6	4.3	4.1
Lumai 23	7.3	48.2	13.3	82.2	5.4	0.0	0.0	7.7	6.1	5.5	5.3	6.3	5.9
Jinan 17	7.6	38.4	16.2	78.4	6.1	1.7	6.3	1.1	0.8	3.4	3.2	3.8	3.5
Jimai 19	7.5	42.0	15.2	78.1	6.1	0.0	12.6	3.1	1.6	4.0	3.9	4.3	4.3
Jining 13	7.7	44.5	14.0	77.3	5.9	0.0	0.0	7.7	4.2	4.3	3.7	4.9	4.4
Taishan 21	8.2	39.6	16.3	77.5	5.6	0.0	4.3	3.0	1.0	3.7	3.6	3.9	3.9
Yannong 19	7.7	37.3	16.1	80.8	6.8	10.7	18.3	2.4	0.8	3.8	3.6	4.2	3.7
Zimai 12	7.8	45.0	14.6	77.3	5.3	0.0	0.0	6.8	3.9	4.7	4.6	5.2	5.0
Jimai 20	7.0	35.8	19.3	78.0	6.3	1.5	13.5	2.1	0.8	3.5	3.2	3.8	3.5
Weimai 8	7.5	49.7	14.0	82.4	4.9	0.0	0.0	12.0	8.1	4.5	4.1	4.9	4.7
Yannong 23	7.4	33.5	19.1	76.2	5.3	0.0	3.7	3.9	1.1	4.0	3.7	4.4	4.2
Jining 16	7.4	48.3	13.4	77.3	4.7	0.0	0.0	14.9	7.1	4.4	4.4	5.0	4.8
Linmai 2	8.5	39.9	16.7	75.4	6.0	0.0	0.6	3.1	2.1	4.0	3.7	4.4	4.3
Taishan 23	8.2	43.6	15.7	76.4	6.4	3.3	11.7	2.1	1.3	3.4	3.3	4.2	3.9
Yannong 24	7.8	39.2	17.9	79.8	5.7	0.0	0.9	4.0	1.3	4.1	3.9	4.4	4.2
Taishan 24	7.5	37.7	15.1	76.9	6.3	0.0	0.0	2.8	1.7	4.0	3.8	4.4	4.1
Jimai 22	8.1	41.8	17.1	74.9	5.9	0.0	0.0	4.0	2.3	4.4	4.2	4.5	4.4
Linmai 4	8.0	44.7	14.1	78.7	5.3	0.0	0.0	10.4	7.4	4.7	4.4	5.1	4.9
Shannong 15	7.9	45.1	14.1	75.6	5.9	0.0	0.0	1.6	1.2	4.0	3.7	4.3	4.1
Wennong 6	7.6	41.5	14.5	75.8	4.8	0.0	0.0	5.7	2.7	4.3	4.2	4.8	4.4
Liangxing 66	8.5	41.1	16.4	76.8	5.5	0.0	0.0	3.2	1.6	4.2	3.9	4.5	4.2
Tainong 18	7.7	40.0	16.5	70.9	4.8	0.0	0.0	5.8	3.8	4.6	4.4	4.9	4.7
Taishan 223	7.1	35.5	16.8	78.6	5.7	6.6	15.9	1.8	1.6	4.1	3.9	4.6	4.3
Zhongmai 155	7.8	36.3	18.0	79.1	5.5	0.0	1.1	3.3	1.3	4.2	4.0	4.4	4.2
Ji 035037	7.5	38.6	17.3	77.4	6.0	3.7	16.2	2.4	1.4	3.7	3.5	4.1	3.9
Ji 046402	8.1	41.7	15.5	73.9	6.3	0.0	1.1	4.2	1.6	3.9	3.7	4.5	4.2
Ji 065504	7.8	37.5	18.1	81.2	6.8	2.6	14.4	2.2	1.1	3.9	3.7	4.2	4.0
Ji 066324	7.8	43.2	16.2	75.3	5.7	0.0	2.0	2.1	1.8	3.8	3.7	4.2	4.0
Mean	7.7	41.0	16.0	77.7	5.7	1.1	5.0	4.5	2.5	4.1	3.9	4.5	4.3
CV/%	7.4	11.8	37.6	6.7	16.3	4.8	11.2	2.7	2.2	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4

Tab.3 Different traits for 28 genotypes in the 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 crop seasons

Tab.4 Pearson correlation coefficients (R) of yield components, physiological and morphological traits with lodging score and pushing resistance based on average values of 500 plants per square meter from the 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 crop seasons

Fig.3 Principal component analysis (PCA) of 18 parameters for 28 genotypes under high plant densities. (a) ?; (b) ?. YLD, grain yield; TKW, thousand kernel weight; SPSM, spikes per square meter; GPS, grains per spike; GPSM, grains per square meter; GWPS, grain weight per spike; LS, lodging score; PR, pushing resistance; BM, biomass; HI, harvest index; LAI, leaf area index; WSC, water solute carbohydrate; PH, plant height; CG, center of gravity; DFI, diameter of first internode; DSI, diameter of second internode; LFI, length of first internode; LSI, length of second internode.

Tab.5 Phenotypic values based on average values of 500 plants per square meter in three types identified by principal component analysis

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