APPLE SUMO E3 LIGASE MDSIZ1 NEGATIVELY REGULATES DROUGHT TOLERANCE

doi:10.15302/J-FASE-2021388

Front. Agr. Sci. Eng.

2021, Vol. 8

Issue (2) : 247-261 https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021388

RESEARCH ARTICLE

APPLE SUMO E3 LIGASE MDSIZ1 NEGATIVELY REGULATES DROUGHT TOLERANCE

Baohua CHU, Jia SUN, Huan DANG, Ziqing MA, Shuang ZHAO, Qingmei GUAN(

), Xuewei LI(

)

State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Apple Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.

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Abstract

•MdSIZ1 RNAi transgenic apple trees are drought tolerance than wild type—GL-3.

•MdSIZ1 RNAi plants get enhanced ability to keep water and scavenge ROS under drought conditions.

•MdSIZ1 may participate in apple drought tolerance by affecting ABA biosynthesis.

Drought stress typically causes heavy losses in apple production and uncovering the mechanisms by which apple tolerates drought stress is important in apple breeding. MdSIZ1 is a SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) E3 ligase that promotes SUMO binding to substrate proteins. Here, we demonstrate that MdSIZ1 in apple has a negative relationship with drought tolerance. MdSIZ1 RNAi transgenic apple trees had a higher survival rate after drought stress. During drought stress they had higher leaf water potential, reduced ion leakage, lower H₂O₂ and malondialdehyde contents, and higher catalase activity. In addition, MdSIZ1 RNAi transgenic plants had a higher net photosynthetic rate during the latter period of drought stress. Finally, the transgenic apple trees also altered expression levels of some microRNAs in response to drought stress. Taken together, these results indicate that apple MdSIZ1 negatively regulates drought stress by enhancing leaf water-holding capacity and antioxidant enzyme activity.

Keywords apple drought tolerance gene expression MdSIZ1

Corresponding Author(s): Qingmei GUAN,Xuewei LI

Just Accepted Date: 11 March 2021 Online First Date: 16 April 2021 Issue Date: 13 July 2021

Cite this article:

Baohua CHU,Jia SUN,Huan DANG, et al. APPLE SUMO E3 LIGASE MDSIZ1 NEGATIVELY REGULATES DROUGHT TOLERANCE[J]. Front. Agr. Sci. Eng. , 2021, 8(2): 247-261.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fase/EN/10.15302/J-FASE-2021388
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fase/EN/Y2021/V8/I2/247

Tab.1 Primers used in this study

Fig.1 Protein alignment of MdSIZ1, MdSIZ1-like and AtSIZ1. (a) Protein alignment of MdSIZ1 and AtSIZ1. (b) Protein alignment of MdSIZ1-like and AtSIZ1. Sequences of MdSIZ1 and MdSIZ1-like were obtained from the Malus× domestica (GDDH13 v1.1 genome) and AtSIZ1 (accession NM_125434) from NCBI. Yellow, green and red boxes indicate the SAP, PHD, and SP-RING finger domains, respectively.

Fig.2 Heat map of MdSIZ1 and MdSIZ1-like expression (FPKM) in different tissues and under abiotic stress. Higher transcript levels are shown in red and lower transcript levels in blue. (a) Three-month-old Malus prunifolia seedlings were used for RNA-seq measurement of gene expression in different tissues and under abiotic stresses. (b) For cold stress, the seedlings were exposed to 4°C for 3 h in a growth chamber before the leaves were harvested. For heat stress, the seedlings were exposed to 45°C for 30 min in a growth chamber, and for drought stress, water was withheld from the seedlings for 6 d.

Fig.3 Identification of MdSIZ1 RNAi transgenic plants. (a) Detection of MdSIZ1 RNAi plants at the DNA level. M500, DNA Marker 500; PC, positive control with MdSIZ1-pK7GWIWG2D as a template. A sequence from the CaMV 35S promoter was used as the forward primer and a sequence of MdSIZ1 RNAi was used as the reverse primer. Transcript levels of MdSIZ1 (b) and MdSIZ1-like (c) in MdSIZ1 RNAi plants. Data are means±SD (n = 3). Student’s t-test: *, P<0.05; **, P<0.01; ***, P<0.001.

Fig.4 Drought tolerance of MdSIZ1 transgenic apple plants under drought stress conditions. (a) Morphological characteristics of GL-3 and MdSIZ1 RNAi transgenic apple plants in response to drought stress. Three-month-old plants were exposed to drought for 21 d, then reirrigated for 7 d. (b) Survival rate of plants shown in (a). Thirty plants per line were used to analyze survival rate. Data are means±SD (n = 30). Student’s t-test: *, P<0.05; **, P<0.01.

Fig.5 Water deficit levels of MdSIZ1 transgenic plants in response to drought stress. (a) Leaf relative water content. (b) Leaf water potential. Data are means±SD (n = 10). Student’s t-test: *, P<0.05; **, P<0.01.

Fig.6 The membrane integrity of MdSIZ1 transgenic plants in response to drought stress. (a) Leaf ion leakage and (b) MDA content in leaves. Data are means±SD (n = 10). Student’s t-test: *, P<0.05; **, P<0.01.

Fig.7 Photosynthetic capacity and water use efficiency of GL-3 and MdSIZ1 RNAi plants after drought stress. (a) Net photosynthetic rate and (b) water use efficiency. Data are means±SD (n = 10). Student’s t-test: *, P<0.05; **, P<0.01.

Fig.8 MdSIZ1 RNAi plants have higher scavenging ability for hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and superoxide (O₂⁻) under drought stress conditions. (a) Results from staining to detect H₂O₂ and O₂⁻ in leaves of MdSIZ1 RNAi and GL-3 plants exposed to drought treatment for 21 d. (b) H₂O₂ content in leaves. (c) Catalase activity (CAT). (d) Peroxidase activity (POD). (e) Staining of O₂⁻ in MdSIZ1 RNAi and GL-3 plants under drought stress. (f) O₂⁻ content in leaves. H₂O₂ and O₂⁻ were stained with DAB and NBT, respectively. Data are means±SD (n = 10). Student’s t-test: *, P<0.05; **, P<0.01.

Fig.9 ABA response and content in MdSIZ1 RNAi transgenic plants and GL-3. (a) ABA content in GL-3, MdSIZ1 RNAi plants under control and dehydration conditions. Error bars indicate standard deviation (n = 8). (b) Representative images of stomata of GL-3 and MdSIZ1 transgenic plants in response to ABA treatment. (c) Stomatal aperture of GL-3 and MdSIZ1 transgenic plants under ABA treatment. 10 leaves were used, and at least 40 stomatal apertures were measured for each treatment. Student’s t-test: *, P<0.05; **, P<0.01; and ***, P<0.001.

Fig.10 Transcript levels of drought-responsive genes in GL-3 and MdSIZ1 RNAi plants under drought stress. (a) MdDREB2A. (b) MdPIP1;3. (c) MdNCED3. Data are mean±SD (n = 3). Student’s t-test: *, P<0.05; **, P<0.01.

Fig.11 Transcript levels of drought-responsive microRNAs in GL-3 and MdSIZ1 RNAi plants under drought stress. (a) mdm-miR168. (b) mdm-miR172. (c) mdm-miR393. (d) mdm-miR408. Data are means±SD (n = 10). Student’s t-test: *, P<0.05; **, P<0.01.

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